Abstract: Disclosed herein are the methods of using specific di-cationic or multiple charged cationic compounds, which are derived from primary amine or polyamines through an aza-Michael addition with an ?, ?-unsaturated carbonyl compound or from polyamines through both an aza-Michael addition with an ?, ?-unsaturated carbonyl compound and a ring-opening reaction with an epoxide, in a fouling control composition to reduce microbial and/biofilm growth in a water system. The disclosed methods or compositions are found to be more effective than those methods or compositions including commonly used single quaternary compounds for reducing microbial or biofilm growth in water systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods of treating process water using a reactor for generating chlorine dioxide onsite. The onsite generation system may include double ensured precursor feeding, effective reactor, automated control/alarm, and effective product delivery. The reactor may include a mixing device, a first feed line connected to the mixing device, and a second feed line connected to the mixing device. The reactor may include a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line. The mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line may be positioned within the motive water line.

Abstract: A cationic polymer salt composition is provided that includes a reaction product derived from reaction of a polyamine or a polyalkyleneimine and a substituted alkyl trialkyl quaternary ammonium salt. Also provided are surfactant compositions. The compositions may also include carriers, such as water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, monoethyleneglycol, an ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, and hexylene glycol.

Abstract: A lamp driver for an LED lamp includes a voltage input port which is adapted to connect the lamp driver to a power source. A boost converter circuit is connected to the voltage input port. A voltage output port is adapted for connecting an LED to the lamp driver. A shutdown circuit provides a shutdown signal, which is connected to the voltage input port for detecting an input voltage of the voltage input port and is connected to the boost converter circuit for controlling at least one active component of the boost converter. The shutdown circuit is arranged to shut down the boost converter circuit when a shutdown voltage at the voltage input port is detected. During the shutdown of the boost converter circuit, the voltage output port still provides an operation voltage for the LED.

Abstract: A method of controlling a chemical reaction is disclosed. The method may include feeding a solution at a first flow rate into a reactor and detecting a sound in the reactor using a sound sensor that is adjacent to the reactor. The sound sensor may convert the sound into a sound signal. After the sound signal is acquired, it is compared to a stored sound signal or a stored sound threshold to detect a reaction event. The method may include adjusting the flow rate of solutions into the reactor in response to the reaction event.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods of treating process water using a reactor for generating chlorine dioxide onsite. The onsite generation system may include double ensured precursor feeding, effective reactor, automated control/alarm, and effective product delivery. The reactor may include a mixing device, a first feed line connected to the mixing device, and a second feed line connected to the mixing device. The reactor may include a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line. The mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line may be positioned within the motive water line.

Abstract: Methods of maintaining accuracy in the measurement of one or more parameters of industrial water in industrial water systems are provided. The methods include the use of physical and/or chemical procedures to prevent and/or remove deposition from one or more surfaces utilized in measurement of the one or more parameters. The deposition may be caused by, for example, corrosion, fouling, or microbiological growth.

Abstract: Method and device for PWM dimming of an LED lamp. The LED lamp comprises one or more LEDs and an LED lamp driver for operating the LEDs. The method comprises: generating a PWM signal; and supplying the PWM signal to the LED lamp driver; wherein the PWM signal comprises a mixture of two or more different frequencies.

Abstract: Driver for an LED lamp, including an LED driver for driving an LED, a voltage input port adapted to connect the driver to a multi switch as a power source, a voltage output port connecting the LED to the LED driver, and a bleeder circuit suppressing leakage current provided by the multi switch, wherein the bleeder circuit is connected in series between the voltage input port and the LED driver.

Abstract: Driver for an LED lamp, including an LED driver for driving an LED, a voltage input port adapted to connect the driver to a multi switch as a power source, a voltage output port connecting the LED to the LED driver, and a bleeder circuit suppressing leakage current provided by the multi switch, wherein the bleeder circuit is connected in series between the voltage input port and the LED driver.

Abstract: A lamp driver for an LED lamp includes a voltage input port which is adapted to connect the lamp driver to a power source. A boost converter circuit is connected to the voltage input port. A voltage output port is adapted for connecting an LED to the lamp driver. A shutdown circuit provides a shutdown signal, which is connected to the voltage input port for detecting an input voltage of the voltage input port and is connected to the boost converter circuit for controlling at least one active component of the boost converter. The shutdown circuit is arranged to shut down the boost converter circuit when a shutdown voltage at the voltage input port is detected. During the shutdown of the boost converter circuit, the voltage output port still provides an operation voltage for the LED.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods related to converting unlabeled data into structured and labeled data for answering one or more single-entity-single-relation questions. The systems and methods automates the labeling of data to generate training data for machine learning. The systems and methods identify and import question and answer pairs from an user generated discussion platform and access a knowledge base questions to extract questions by supervised extraction. The extracted questions are further filtered to remove mislabeled questions. When a question is posed, it is parsed for entity and relation, and an answer is identified by searching through the knowledge base.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods of treating process water using a reactor for generating chlorine dioxide onsite. The onsite generation system may include double ensured precursor feeding, effective reactor, automated control/alarm, and effective product delivery. The reactor may include a mixing device, a first feed line connected to the mixing device, and a second feed line connected to the mixing device. The reactor may include a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line. The mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line may be positioned within the motive water line.

Abstract: A computer-implemented apparatus is provided for generating a response string based at least on a received inquiry string using a recurrent neural network (RNN) encoder-decoder architecture, the apparatus comprising: a first RNN configured to receive the inquiry string as a sequence of vectors x and to encode a sequence of symbols into a fixed length vector representation, vector c; a contextual neural network (CNN) for inferring topic distribution from a training set having a plurality of training questions and a plurality of training labels, the CNN configured to extract word features, compute syntactic features and infer semantic representation based on interconnections derived from the training set to generate a fixed length topic vector representation of a probability distribution in a topic space, the topic space inferred from a concatenated utterance of historical conversation; and a second RNN used as a RNN contextual decoder for estimating a conditional probability distribution of a plurality of resp

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to producing chloride dioxide. A chlorine dioxide reactor, methods for producing chlorine dioxide, and treating aqueous systems are disclosed. The reactor may include a mixing device, a first feed line in fluid communication with the mixing device, and a second feed line in fluid communication with the mixing device. The reactor may include a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line. The mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line may be positioned within the motive water line.

Abstract: A cationic polymer salt composition is provided that includes a reaction product derived from reaction of a polyamine or a polyalkyleneimine and a substituted alkyl trialkyl quaternary ammonium salt. Also provided are surfactant compositions. The compositions may also include carriers, such as water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, monoethyleneglycol, an ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, and hexylene glycol.

Abstract: Methods of maintaining accuracy in the measurement of one or more parameters of industrial water in industrial water systems are provided. The methods include the use of physical and/or chemical procedures to prevent and/or remove deposition from one or more surfaces utilized in measurement of the one or more parameters. The deposition may be caused by, for example, corrosion, fouling, or microbiological growth.

Abstract: Methods of maintaining accuracy in the measurement of one or more parameters of industrial water in industrial water systems is disclosed. The methods comprise the use of physical and chemical means to prevent and/or remove deposition from one or more surfaces utilized in measurement of the one or more parameters. The deposition may be caused by, for example, corrosion, fouling, or microbiological growth.

Abstract: Methods of maintaining accuracy in the measurement of one or more parameters of industrial water in industrial water systems are provided. The methods include the use of physical and/or chemical procedures to prevent and/or remove deposition from one or more surfaces utilized in measurement of the one or more parameters. The deposition may be caused by, for example, corrosion, fouling, or microbiological growth.

Abstract: Methods of maintaining accuracy in the measurement of one or more parameters of industrial water in industrial water systems is disclosed. The methods comprise the use of physical and chemical means to prevent and/or remove deposition from one or more surfaces utilized in measurement of the one or more parameters. The deposition may be caused by, for example, corrosion, fouling, or microbiological growth.