Abstract: An example method includes receiving, by a digital assistant capable of accessing a plurality of types of health information, a natural language input associated with a type of health information of the plurality of types of health information; in accordance with a determination that the natural language input corresponds to a health domain: determining whether the digital assistant is authorized to access the type of health information; in accordance with a determination that the digital assistant is authorized to access the type of health information: initiating a task based on the natural language input; and in accordance with a determination that the digital assistant is not authorized to access the type of health information: providing a second output indicating that the digital assistant is not authorized to access the type of health information.

Abstract: The invention provides a membrane-free redox cell utilizing auxiliary electrodes that facilitate fast charging and discharging of anolyte and catholyte for electrochemical energy storage. The anode and cathode chambers are ionically separated, and electrically connected through a conductor joining auxiliary electrodes comprised of a redox material. In use, charging/discharging of the galvanic cell takes place between primary electrodes, and the redox material is immersed in the electrolyte in both anode and cathode chambers.

Abstract: The invention provides a membrane-free redox cell utilizing auxiliary electrodes that facilitate fast charging and discharging of anolyte and catholyte for electrochemical energy storage. The anode and cathode chambers are ionically separated, and electrically connected through a conductor joining auxiliary electrodes comprised of a redox material. In use, charging/discharging of the galvanic cell takes place between primary electrodes, and the redox material is immersed in the electrolyte in both anode and cathode chambers.

Abstract: This invention discloses membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells containing self-supporting catalyst layers and methods of generating electricity by operating such fuel cells. Self-supporting catalyst layers are used as the anode or cathode or both catalyst layers in fuel cells, most particularly as catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Membrane electrode assembly configurations comprising self-supporting catalyst layers in which adjacent gas diffusion layers are absent. The invention also involves membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells containing self-supporting microporous layers and fuel cells containing such membrane electrode assemblies and methods of generating electricity by operating such fuel cells.

Abstract: This invention discloses membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells containing self-supporting catalyst layers and methods of generating electricity by operating such fuel cells. Self-supporting catalyst layers are used as the anode or cathode or both catalyst layers in fuel cells, most particularly as catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Membrane electrode assembly configurations comprising self-supporting catalyst layers in which adjacent gas diffusion layers are absent. The invention also involves membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells containing self-supporting microporous layers and fuel cells containing such membrane electrode assemblies and methods of generating electricity by operating such fuel cells.

Abstract: We disclose a method of measuring an emulsion or solids deposition in a fluid sample, comprising charging the sample to a Couette device; subjecting the sample in the Couette device to a pressure, a temperature, and a shear comparable to field conditions; changing at least one of the pressure, temperature, composition, or shear of the sample; and quantifying the type and amount of solids deposited on the interior walls of the Couette device. We also disclose Couette devices which can be used in the method.

Abstract: We disclose a method of measuring an emulsion or solids deposition in a fluid sample, comprising charging the sample to a Couette device; subjecting the sample in the Couette device to a pressure, a temperature, and a shear comparable to field conditions; changing at least one of the pressure, temperature, composition, or shear of the sample; and quantifying the type and amount of solids deposited on the interior walls of the Couette device. We also disclose Couette devices which can be used in the method.