Abstract: The present invention provides a thermocycling method for increasing the number of tandem repeats of a unit sequence that is 1 to 60 nucleotides long in a linear polynucleotide. The invention also provides a solid substrate with a surface, the surface having at least one linear probe polynucleotide immobilised thereon, wherein the at least one linear probe polynucleotide comprises at least two tandem repeats of a unit sequence that is 1 to 60 nucleotides long. Methods of determining the presence of a linear target polynucleotide sequence in a test sample using such solid substrates are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a hollow particle aggregate formed by aggregating a plurality of self-organizable particles, wherein a metal core is modified by a surface modifier for a metal core comprising a first segment comprising an optionally branched fluorinated alkylene glycol group, an optionally branched fluorinated alkylene group, or an optionally branched fluorinated azaalkylene group; a second segment comprising at least one hydrophilic group and bonding to one of the ends of a main chain of the first segment; and a functional group that bonds directly or indirectly to the another end of the main chain of the first segment and is able to bond to the metal core.

Abstract: Provided is a hollow particle aggregate formed by aggregating a plurality of self-organizable particles, wherein a metal core is modified by a surface modifier for a metal core comprising a first segment comprising an optionally branched fluorinated alkylene glycol group, an optionally branched fluorinated alkylene group, or an optionally branched fluorinated azaalkylene group; a second segment comprising at least one hydrophilic group and bonding to one of the ends of a main chain of the first segment; and a functional group that bonds directly or indirectly to the another end of the main chain of the first segment and is able to bond to the metal core.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbon structural body is provided, with which a carbon structural body having any of various nanostructures can be produced inexpensively and efficiently. The method includes forming a carbon-containing material into a pattern, coating the obtained pattern with a proto-shaped mold, and calcining and carbonizing the coated pattern.

Abstract: A novel organic ultrathin membrane characterized in that an amphiphilic compound having a pigment group and a nucleic acid base is aligned due to base-pairing with an oligonucleotide which is capable of forming a base pair with the nucleic acid base to thereby constitute a monolayer is provided. In this organic ultrathin membrane, free space is provided around a pigment molecule so as to enable photoisomerization of the pigment molecule in a high-density solid state. Thus, it is useful as an optical memory, etc. Further, a process for producing the organic ultrathin membrane is provided.