Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting element with high external quantum efficiency, or a light-emitting element with a long lifetime. The light-emitting element includes, between a pair of electrodes, a light-emitting layer including a guest material and a host material, in which an emission spectrum of the host material overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the guest material, and phosphorescence is emitted by conversion of an excitation energy of the host material into an excitation energy of the guest material. By using the overlap between the emission spectrum of the host material and the absorption spectrum of the guest material, the energy smoothly transfers from the host material to the guest material, so that the energy transfer efficiency of the light-emitting element is high. Accordingly, a light-emitting element with high external quantum efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: A chromatography carrier may exhibit high liquid permeability and an excellent pressure-resistant characteristic during liquid passage. A chromatography carrier production method may include: (1) providing a solid phase support, the solid phase support being formed of porous particles on which a ligand has or has not been immobilized; and (2) subjecting the solid phase support to sieve classification, the coefficient of variation of the volume particle size distribution of the porous particles when a ligand has been immobilized being adjusted to 1% to 22%. The skewness of the volume particle size distribution of the porous particles when a ligand has been immobilized may be adjusted to ?0.1 to 5.

Abstract: A spark ignition engine capable of operating even with a leaner air-fuel mixture to achieve stable ignition and combustion performance. An ignition plug is fitted to a cylinder head through a sleeve, and the ignition electrode of the ignition plug is disposed in a cylinder, facing a single chamber type combustion chamber. The sleeve is formed in a blind cylindrical shape, an auxiliary chamber storing the ignition electrodes of the ignition plug is formed at the bottom part of the sleeve, and a nozzle hole allowing the auxiliary chamber to communicate with the combustion chamber is formed in the bottom part of the sleeve. The bottom part of the sleeve is projected from an explosion surface to the inside of the combustion chamber and the position of ignition by the ignition electrode is set near the explosion surface.

Abstract: A spark ignition engine capable of operating even with a leaner air-fuel mixture to achieve stable ignition and combustion performance. An ignition plug (7) is fitted to a cylinder head (1) through a sleeve (6), and the ignition electrode (7a) of the ignition plug (7) is disposed in a cylinder (2), facing a single chamber type combustion chamber (5). The sleeve (6) is formed in a blind cylindrical shape, an auxiliary chamber (10) storing the ignition electrodes (7a, 7b) of the ignition plug (7) is formed at the bottom part of the sleeve (6), and a nozzle hole (6a) allowing the auxiliary chamber (10) to communicate with the combustion chamber (5) is formed in the bottom part of the sleeve. The bottom part of the sleeve (6) is projected from an explosion surface (1a) to the inside of the combustion chamber (5) and the position (12) of ignition by the ignition electrode (7a) is set near the explosion surface (1a).