Abstract: An NMOS transistor circuit has a surge protection circuit connected in parallel with the NMOS transistor. A resistor is connected between a back gate of the NMOS transistor and ground. As a result, an input impedance higher than the input impedance of the surge protection circuit is applied to a semiconductor terminal at the electrode pad side of the NMOS transistor.

Abstract: An NMOS transistor circuit has a surge protection circuit connected in parallel with the NMOS transistor. A resistor is connected between a back gate of the NMOS transistor and ground. As a result, an input impedance higher than the input impedance of the surge protection circuit is applied to a semiconductor terminal at the electrode pad side of the NMOS transistor.

Abstract: An NMOS transistor circuit has a surge protection circuit connected in parallel with the NMOS transistor. A resistor is connected between a back gate of the NMOS transistor and ground. As a result, an input impedance higher than the input impedance of the surge protection circuit is applied to a semiconductor terminal at the electrode pad side of the NMOS transistor.

Abstract: The NMOS transistor circuit has the surge protection circuit connected in parallel with the NMOS transistor. Resistor is provided between back gate of the NMOS transistor and the ground. As a result, input impedance higher than input impedance of the surge protection circuit is applied to a semiconductor terminal at the electrode pad side of the NMOS transistor.

Abstract: Photocurrents outputted by photo detecting circuits (1.sub.1 to 1.sub.n) disposed in first current paths (2.sub.1 to 2.sub.n) are amplified by current amplifying means (3.sub.1 to 3.sub.n) disposed in the first current paths (2.sub.1 to 2.sub.n), respectively. The output currents from the plurality of current amplifying means (3.sub.1 to 3.sub.n) are converted into voltage all by one current-voltage converting means (5). The current amplifying means (3.sub.1 to 3.sub.n) are turned on or off by control signals (3.sub.1S to 3.sub.nS), and therefore the luminance detecting circuit amplifies the current of the required photo detecting element only, and outputs into the current-voltage converting means (5).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a full wave rectifying circuit where a single input a.c. signal is used to perform full wave rectification with enhanced accuracy. An a.c. signal is transmitted from an a.c. signal source (1) via a coupling capacitor (3) to bases of transistors (Q1, Q4) of first and second differential gain stages (S1, S2). Outputs from the first and second differential gain stages (S1, S2) are received on input terminals of first and second current mirror circuits (K1, K2). Output currents (I.sub.011, I.sub.012) from the first and second current mirror circuits (K1, K2) are converted by load resistances working as current-voltage converting means, and then, output voltage V.sub.OUT1 rectified on the full wave basis is output from an output terminal (12). Portions of the a.c. signal out of phase from each other are rectified on the half wave basis by the first and second differential gain stages (S1, S2) and then they are added, so that a single input a.c.

Abstract: One side surface of a continuous metal strip is continuously brought into contacted with a surface of a molten metal bath. The surface of the molten metal bath is flowed to the directions departing from both edges of the strip by a linear induction motor dipped in the bath. A one side surface metal coated product having no deposition of a molten metal on the reverse surface is obtained by the method of the present invention.