Abstract: A multilayer insulated wire has two or more extrusion-coating insulating layers provided on a conductor directly or via some other layer, or provided on the outside of a multicore wire composed of conductor cores or insulated cores that are collected together, wherein at least one of the insulating layers is made of a mixture prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of a polyethersulfone resin and 10 to 100 parts by weight of an inorganic filler. A transformer utilizes the multilayer insulated wire. The multilayer insulated wire can realize such high heat resistance as heat resistance F class (155° C.), which satisfies IEC 950 standards, or higher heat resistance, in transformers; and can exhibit excellent electrical properties even at high frequencies. Further, when the transformer is used at high frequencies, the electric properties are not lowered, and influence by the generation of heat can be prevented.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for inspecting the soundness of a substrate transfer robot of a type horizontally transferring a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer mounted on a blade. The inspection apparatus is efficiently used in a multi-chamber type semiconductor manufacturing apparatus and has a noncontact type distance sensor capable of measuring a vertical distance. When the upper face of a cassette stage disposed within a load-lock chamber is assumed to be a reference surface, the distance sensor in the inspection apparatus measures the vertical distance between the horizontal reference surface and the blade of robot moving above the reference surface. From thus measured value, the warp of blade and its shaking upon movement can be detected.

Abstract: An optical parametric circuit for separating an input signal light and a wavelength-converted light even when the wavelength difference is small is provided. The optical parametric circuit includes: a nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer which includes a first optical path and a second optical path; optical dispersive mediums and second-order optical nonlinear mediums provided in the first and second optical paths; wherein optical dispersive medium and second-order optical nonlinear medium in the first optical path are placed in the reverse order of optical dispersive medium and second-order optical nonlinear medium in the second optical path.

Abstract: A ceramic circuit substrate includes an insulating layer fabricated of a ceramic, a first surface conductor layer fabricated on a surface of the insulating layer and embedded in the insulating layer except at least its surface, and a second surface conductor layer fabricated to be stacked on the first surface conductor layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a white pulse source that produces spectrally shaped white pulses of a constant optical output power over a wide wavelength range. The white pulse source includes a pump pulse source for generating pump pulses with a center wavelength .lambda.0 and a waveguided nonlinear optical medium with a length L. The waveguided nonlinear optical medium is characterized by two properties: the first property is that chromatic dispersion D(.lambda.0,z) at the center wavelength of pump pulses in ps/nm/km is positive at an input end of said waveguided nonlinear optical medium, where z=0, and decreases towards an output end. The second property is that said chromatic dispersion D(.lambda., z) has a maximum value D(.lambda.p(z), z) at a peak wavelength .lambda.p(z) within a range of propagation distance given by L1.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.L where 0.ltoreq.L1<L, and that said chromatic dispersion D(.lambda., z) has two zero-dispersion wavelengths, .lambda.1(z) and .lambda.2(z), where D(.lambda.

Abstract: High peak pulse light is incident on an optical fiber having a dispersion decreasing region which serves as a main region for generating supercontinuum or idler light and in which the chromatic dispersion does not increase but at least partially decreases in the direction in which light travels. The fiber can be applied to broad band width idler light generation with both light transmission directions. Four wave mixing upon incidence of the light on the dispersion decreasing region of the optical fiber are efficiently obtained.

Abstract: A coherent white light source generates a uniform and continuous coherent white light spectra over 200 nm at a low pump power. The source is based on a pump light source which produces pump optical pulses at a wavelength .lambda..sub.0 and an optical waveguide to receive a pump optical pulse at .lambda..sub.0 to generate a white pulse having a wavelength spread of .DELTA..lambda.. The optical waveguide is characterized by having dispersion properties such that four-wave mixing light having a wavelength spread of .lambda..sub.0 .+-..DELTA..lambda./2 is produced, and the power gain of the four-wave mixing light is greater than 1. These properties of the waveguide are defined by: the path length of the waveguide device ln G.sub.0 /(2.vertline..gamma..vertline.P) in units of ?km!, an absolute value of the dispersion slope to be not more than 16(.vertline..gamma..vertline.E)(.DELTA..lambda..sup. ln G.sub.0) in units of ?ps/nm.sup.2 /km! and an absolute value of the dispersion at the wavelength .lambda..sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical parametric circuit for separating four-wave-mixing wave(s) (FWM wave(s)) from signal wave(s) and/or pump waves without using a wavelength filtering device, and optical circuits using the same. The optical parametric circuit of the present invention is made by connecting two output ports of a 2.times.2 optical directional coupler to a nonlinear optical medium via dispersive optical media, each of which has a specific length and a specific propagation constant. By inputting signal waves having carrier angular frequencies .omega..sub.Sj (j=1, 2, . . . N) and pump waves having carrier angular frequencies .omega..sub.P1, .omega..sub.P2 into the first input port of the optical directional coupler, the FWM waves, generated in the nonlinear optical medium, having carrier angular frequencies .omega..sub.fj (=.omega..sub.P1 +.omega..sub.P2 -.omega..sub.S) are output from the second input port of the optical directional coupler.