Abstract: In an internal combustion engine in which a head cover for covering a cam shaft at an upper face of a cylinder head is made of a synthetic resin, a cam angle sensor for the cam shaft is securely attached to the cylinder head such that heat damage to the cam angle sensor is suppressed. The cam angle sensor is inserted in a through-hole perforated through the head cover, and a mounting portion integral with the cam angle sensor is fastened to a member of the cylinder head, with fixing members penetrating through the head cover on a side of the cam angle sensor.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine in which a head cover 3 for covering a cam shaft 2 at an upper face of a cylinder head 1 is made of a synthetic resin, a cam angle sensor 10 for the cam shaft is securely attached to the cylinder head such that heat damage to the cam angle sensor is suppressed. The cam angle sensor 10 is inserted in a through-hole 12 perforated through the head cover, and a mounting portion 14 integral with the cam angle sensor is fastened to a member 6 of the cylinder head, with fixing members 15, 16 penetrating through the head cover on a side of the cam angle sensor.

Abstract: A CCD type solid-state image sensor (CCD) and an image pickup apparatus of this invention have an image pickup unit and a charge multiplier mounted, as separated from each other, on a packaging board, thereby reducing an influence of one of the image pickup unit and the charge multiplier on the other. Consequently, an improvement in yield is realized. With the image pickup unit and the charge multiplier mounted, as separated from each other, on the packaging board, the CCD type solid-state image sensor (CCD) and the image pickup apparatus are highly versatile also when a design change is made in one of the image pickup unit and the charge multiplier.

Abstract: The light scattering detector according to the present invention aims at simultaneously measuring the molecular weight and size of particles having varieties of diameters. This detector facilitates the measurement operation and knowing how particles associate or dissociate as time progresses. In this detector, the emitted light (static light scattering measurement light) having a first wavelength by the first light source and the emitted light (dynamic light scattering measurement light) having a second wavelength which is different from the first wavelength by the second light source are combined by a beam splitter 5 and coaxially directed onto the sample sell 10 to which a liquid sample S is supplied. While the irradiated area by the static light scattering measurement light is large, the irradiated area by the dynamic light scattering measurement light, which is coherent light, is narrow.

Abstract: The mass spectrometer according to the present invention includes a light source for emitting pulse light including a plurality of wavelengths; an ionizer for ionizing molecules of a sample by irradiating the light from the light source to the sample; and a mass analyzer for separating ions ionized in the ionizer according to their mass to charge ratios. For the light source, one including a plurality of ultrashort pulse laser sources each emitting a wavelength different from others, and one emitting ultrashort pulse light including plural wavelengths ranging from the visible region to the infrared region generated by dispersing an ultrashort pulse light with continuous (white) spectrum can be used. Pulse lights having plural wavelengths ranging from near infrared to the ultraviolet region respectively share the role; i.e., one of them vaporizes the sample without fragmenting it, and another ionizes the vaporized sample with the single-photon process or two-photon (or multi-photon) process.

Abstract: A CCD type solid-state image sensor (CCD) and an image pickup apparatus of this invention have an image pickup unit and a charge multiplier mounted, as separated from each other, on a packaging board, thereby reducing an influence of one of the image pickup unit and the charge multiplier on the other. Consequently, an improvement in yield is realized. With the image pickup unit and the charge multiplier mounted, as separated from each other, on the packaging board, the CCD type solid-state image sensor (CCD) and the image pickup apparatus are highly versatile also when a design change is made in one of the image pickup unit and the charge multiplier.

Abstract: The present invention provides an odor measuring apparatus capable of assuredly detecting and evaluating such odors that cannot be detected by a measurement apparatus using conventional odor sensors. In an embodiment of the present invention, a gas sample to be measured is introduced into the column 10 of a gas chromatograph 1 to temporally separate it into odor components, which are then introduced into a mass spectrometer (MS) 2 and an odor discriminator 3 in parallel. The data processor 51 creates a chromatogram and/or a mass spectrum from the detection signals generated by the detector 24 of the MS 2, and also calculates the similarity of each odor component to standard odors and/or the degree of contribution from the detection signals generated by the detection circuit 33 of the odor discriminator 3. The processor 51 displays a similarity radar chart or similar graphic information on the display 53, where each peak present on the chromatogram is associated with the information.

Abstract: A two-color radiation thermometer includes an image pickup device having micro photo receiving units arranged two-dimensionally; a light diverging device for diverging incident light coming from a measuring object into two paths and irradiating the light on two different areas on a two-dimensional light receiving surface of the image pickup device; a wavelength limitation device for limiting wavelengths of the light irradiated on the two different areas to first and second wavelengths, respectively; and a temperature calculation device. The calculation device receives image signals corresponding to the first and second wavelengths respectively from the micro photo receiving units located at the two different areas, and calculates the temperature of the measuring object based on the two image signals.

Abstract: The mass spectrometer according to the present invention includes a light source for emitting pulse light including a plurality of wavelengths; an ionizer for ionizing molecules of a sample by irradiating the light from the light source to the sample; and a mass analyzer for separating ions ionized in the ionizer according to their mass to charge ratios. For the light source, one including a plurality of ultrashort pulse laser sources each emitting a wavelength different from others, and one emitting ultrashort pulse light including plural wavelengths ranging from the visible region to the infrared region generated by dispersing an ultrashort pulse light with continuous (white) spectrum can be used. Pulse lights having plural wavelengths ranging from near infrared to the ultraviolet region respectively share the role; i.e., one of them vaporizes the sample without fragmenting it, and another ionizes the vaporized sample with the single-photon process or two-photon (or multi-photon) process.

Abstract: The present invention provides an odor measuring apparatus capable of assuredly detecting and evaluating such odors that cannot be detected by a measurement apparatus using conventional odor sensors. In an embodiment of the present invention, a gas sample to be measured is introduced into the column 10 of a gas chromatograph 1 to temporally separate it into odor components, which are then introduced into a mass spectrometer (MS) 2 and an odor discriminator 3 in parallel. The data processor 51 creates a chromatogram and/or a mass spectrum from the detection signals generated by the detector 24 of the MS 2, and also calculates the similarity of each odor component to standard odors and/or the degree of contribution from the detection signals generated by the detection circuit 33 of the odor discriminator 3. The processor 51 displays a similarity radar chart or similar graphic information on the display 53, where each peak present on the chromatogram is associated with the information.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method of and system for analyzing samples (particularly, bio-samples), wherein the continuous spectrum white light pulse generated from an ultra-short optical pulse is used in a simple manner. By a system according to the invention, continuous spectrum white light pulses generated by converging ultra-short optical pulses on a point in a transparent substance 23 are dispersed into a spectrum of light by a dispersing element 25, and a plurality of objective wavelength components are separately selected by small reflection mirrors 37, masked mirrors or the like. The selected objective wavelength components are combined by the dispersing element 25 into a composite optical pulse containing the objective wavelength components. The composite optical pulse is irradiated onto the bio-sample 28 or other samples, whereby only the desired fluorescent substances are excited by the objective wavelength components corresponding to them.

Abstract: A two-color radiation thermometer includes an image pickup device having micro photo receiving units arranged two-dimensionally; a light diverging device for diverging incident light coming from a measuring object into two paths and irradiating the light on two different areas on a two-dimensional light receiving surface of the image pickup device; a wavelength limitation device for limiting wavelengths of the light irradiated on the two different areas to first and second wavelengths, respectively; and a temperature calculation device. The calculation device receives image signals corresponding to the first and second wavelengths respectively from the micro photo receiving units located at the two different areas, and calculates the temperature of the measuring object based on the two image signals.

Abstract: An isotope gas measuring apparatus for measuring concentrations of components in a sample gas includes two sample cells through which the sample gas passes; a control cell filled with a gas having no absorbance at a wavelength of infrared light to be measured; a light source irradiating infrared light to the sample cells and the control cell; an optical coupler for coupling light permeated from the sample cells and the control cell; a first interference filter disposed between one sample cell and the optical coupler; a second interference filter disposed between the other sample cell and the optical coupler; and an optical detector for detecting infrared light from the optical coupler. The apparatus can minimize an influence of drift, and have a simple structure.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method of and system for analyzing samples (particularly, bio-samples), wherein the continuous spectrum white light pulse generated from an ultra-short optical pulse is used in a simple manner. By a system according to the invention, continuous spectrum white light pulses generated by converging ultra-short optical pulses on a point in a transparent substance 23 are dispersed into a spectrum of light by a dispersing element 25, and a plurality of objective wavelength components are separately selected by small reflection mirrors 37, masked mirrors or the like. The selected objective wavelength components are combined by the dispersing element 25 into a composite optical pulse containing the objective wavelength components. The composite optical pulse is irradiated onto the bio-sample 28 or other samples, whereby only the desired fluorescent substances are excited by the objective wavelength components corresponding to them.

Abstract: An isotope gas measuring apparatus for measuring concentrations of components in a sample gas includes two sample cells through which the sample gas passes; a control cell filled with a gas having no absorbance at a wavelength of infrared light to be measured; a light source irradiating infrared light to the sample cells and the control cell; an optical coupler for coupling light permeated from the sample cells and the control cell; a first interference filter disposed between one sample cell and the optical coupler; a second interference filter disposed between the other sample cell and the optical coupler; and an optical detector for detecting infrared light from the optical coupler. The apparatus can minimize an influence of drift, and have a simple structure.

Abstract: In a fluorescence spectrophotometer comprising a light source, an excitation monochromator, a sample cell, an emission monochromator, a photodetector and a signal processing device, an excitation light polarizer and an emission light polarizer are disposed in the excitation light path and the emission light path, respectively, and the excitation and emission light wavelengths of the two monochromators are changed simultaneously in accordance with each of a plurality of wavelength conditions, and in each of the wavelength conditions, the direction of polarization of the emission light polarizer is changed between two orthogonal directions, in each of which the output of the detector is sampled by the signal processor, and the processed data is stored so as to be used for calculation of the degree of polarization of the polarized fluorescent light from the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a base sequence comprising an assembly for making an exciting beam incident on a slab of electrophoretic gel in a direction normal to the plane thereof, the gel containing nucleic acid fragments labeled with a labeling pigment and developed or being developed therein by electrophoresis, and a light receiving unit for receiving at an end face of the gel the luminescent emitted by the labeling pigment on the fragments developed in the gel.

Abstract: An optical scanning device, such as a chromatoscanner, includes a spectroscope having a rectangular outlet slit for producing a light beam in the shape thereof. A rotatable disk having a spiral slit is disposed in the path of the light beam to produce light pulses along radial lines of the disk which are directed to the surface of a specimen. The absorbancy of the light pulses at discrete positions of the specimen is measured and stored in a memory in accordance with the corresponding location on the specimen as derived from measuring the rotation angle of the disk.