Abstract: Disclosed is a slim printing apparatus which employs a latent image forming method, such as electrophotographing method, and needs an apparatus-occupying area. This printing apparatus comprises a hopper for retaining sheets; a feeding path defined on that surface of the apparatus which is opposite to that surface of the apparatus where the hopper is disposed for conveyance of sheets; a feeding mechanism for feeding a sheet from the hopper onto the feeding path; an endless rotary latent image carrier provided between the hopper and the feeding path; an image forming unit, provided between the hopper and the feeding path, for forming a toner image on the latent image carrier; a transfer unit for transferring the toner image on the latent image carrier onto the sheet conveyed along the feeding path; and a fixing unit for fixing the toner image on the sheet.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing apparatus includes a development container containing a developer. A magnet is stationarily located in the development container and has magnetic poles radially provided on a plurality of points. A rotational sleeve is arranged to cover the outer circumference of the magnet and is rotatably driven to carry the developer in the development container. A blade is arranged opposite to the rotational sleeve to restrict the amount of the developer which is carried by the rotational sleeve. To obtain a uniform image quality without unevenness among different developing apparatus and a wider range of assembling precision to thus facilitate the installment of the apparatus, at a position facing the developer restriction member, and in its vicinity, there is formed a uniform magnetic flux density section having a magnetic flux density whose vertical component is substantially uniform on the periphery of the rotational sleeve.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing apparatus, comprising: a development container (102) for containing a developer; a magnet (122) stationarily located in the development container and having magnetic poles radially provided on a plurality of points; a rotational sleeve (121) arranged to cover the outer circumference of the magnet and rotatably driven to carry the developer in the development container to an image carrying body (131); and a blade (123) arranged opposite to the sleeve to restrict the amount of the developer which is carried by the sleeve. Two of the magnetic poles are a developing magnetic pole (Pd) facing opposite to the image carrying body (131) and a developer transfer magnetic pole (Pt) located between the developing magnetic pole (Pd) and the blade (123). A magnetic brush of the developer formed on the sleeve (121) by the developer carrying magnetic pole (Pt) has a magnetic flux density.

Abstract: The present invention provides a CFRP-made optical cylinder comprising, as the main CFRP layers, (a) CFRP layers containing a carbon fiber arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the cylinder axial direction and (b) CFRP layers containing a carbon fiber arranged in a direction making an angle of substantially.+-.(40.about.50) degree to the cylinder axial direction, in which cylinder at least 50% by weight of the carbon fiber arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the cylinder axial direction has a linear expansion coefficient of -1.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. or less and at least 50% by weight of the carbon fiber arranged in a direction making all angle of substantially.+-.(40.about.50) degree to the cylinder axial direction has a linear expansion coefficient of -1.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. or less, and which cylinder has a linear expansion coefficient of -0.5.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. to 0.5.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. in the axial direction.

Abstract: A toner image transferring device is applied to, for example, an electrophotographic printer for electrostatically transferring a charged toner image from a photosensitive drum to a sheet or paper. The device encompasses a transfer charger disposed near the drum to form a clearance therebetween for feeding an electric charge to the sheet or paper through which the sheet or paper is passed, an electric source for supplying an electric energy to the transfer charger to give the sheet or paper an electric charge having a polarity opposite to that of the charge of the toner image, and a controller for controlling the electric energy output from the electric source the transfer charger so that a leading edge of the sheet or paper can be prevented from being excessively charged.

Abstract: The present invention provides a CFRP-made optical cylinder comprising (a) CFRP layers containing a carbon fiber arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the cylinder axial direction and (b) CFRP layers containing a carbon fiber arranged in a direction nearly orthogonal to the cylinder axial direction, in which cylinder the carbon fiber arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the cylinder axial direction has a minus thermal expansion coefficient and the cylinder axial direction has a thermal expansion coefficient of -0.5.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. to 0.5.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. In the present optical cylinder, a sharp image can be maintained without making the correction of the optical axis even when the atmospheric temperature changes largely.

Abstract: A process unit to be loaded into an image forming apparatus, includes at least a photosensitive drum to be rotated and a conductive brush type charger for uniformly charging a surface of the photosensitive drum. The conductive brush fibers having tips which touch the surface of the photosensitive drum and apply a charge voltage of 500 V to 1,500 V to the surface of the photosensitive drum through the conductive brush fibers for uniformly charging the surface of the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: In a laser beam machine comprising: a laser oscillator for generating a laser beam; a machining head for applying the laser beam, as a light spot, to a workpiece mounted on a machining table; and a control unit for controlling the movement of the machining table in an X-Y plane, the laser beam is kept inclined with respect to the workpiece in the machining direction, whereby, when the machining speed is increased, the sticking of dross to the workpiece is suppressed, and the machining speed can be increased accordingly.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording apparatus is provided which comprises a recording electrode with a plurality of stylus electrodes and a developing device with a back electrode provided on opposite sides of a recording medium. The recording apparatus is capable of simultaneously processing the forming of and development of a latent image by using the recording electrode which has a magnetic piece embedded at a tip portion thereof. A magnetic field is concentrated in its path and is increased in a narrow gap region between the recording electrode and the back electrode. Toner chains of magnetic particles in the developing process can easily stand upright on the back electrode, and can thus easily and uniformly contact the recording medium. Dot defects on a formed image, are therefore, avoided. The present invention is directed to several embodiments of the magnetic piece and the manner of embedding the magnetic piece in the recording electrode.

Abstract: A fuel injection control system for an internal combustion engine including: a cold start injection valve provided inside an intake pipe for performing fuel injection on cold starts; a switch for controlling energization of the cold start injection valve; a starter drive state detector for judging if a starter is being driven; a clock for detecting, by the starter drive state detector, a change of the starter from a nonoperating state to an operating state and for counting time elapsed from the detected change; and start controller which designates a starting fuel injection when the elapsed time counted by the clock is a first predetermined period or more and which prohibits the starting fuel injection when the elapsed time is a second predetermined period or more greater than the first predetermined period.

Abstract: Fuel injection is adjusted in accordance with an air-fuel reation feedback correction coefficient which is calculated in accordance with a concentration of a specific compound in the exhaust gas of an engine. At least one of the amplitude and frequency of the air-fuel ratio feedback correction coefficient is controlled in accordance with the intake air flow of the engine.

Abstract: Air-fuel ratio control of an internal combustion engine is performed using sensors for detecting operating conditions of the engine, such as the intake air amount, engine rotational speed, or air-fuel ratio; a fuel injection valve driven by an electrical signal to inject fuel; and a control circuit for receiving signals from the operating condition sensors, performing predetermined operations and generating an electrical signal for driving the fuel injection valve. The control circuit performs a step of calculating an air-fuel ratio variation D(A/F) with respect to an optimum air-fuel ratio based on the ratio of a change .DELTA.F, of an air-fuel ratio correction signal F during acceleration under air-fuel ratio feedback control based on a signal from the air-fuel ratio sensor, to an acceleration amount A, and a step of controlling a transient fuel correction ratio f(AEW) based on the obtained air-fuel ratio variation D(A/F).

Abstract: A system for controlling the air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine provided with a fuel injector. The system has an O.sub.2 sensor for issuing signals on two levels, one corresponding to a high air-fuel ratio, the other to a low air-fuel ratio, and a feedback control device responsive to the signal from the sensor. The feedback control calculates a correction factor for maintaining the air-fuel ratio to a desired value during steady operation and for indicating the deviation in the ratio from the desired value during transient conditions. This deviation is employed to generate a transient correction value which is selected to minimize the deviation during transient conditions.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a base fuel amount is calculated, and an air-fuel ratio deviation for each region is determined by a predetermined engine operating parameter when the engine is in a transient state such as an acceleration state or a deceleration state. A transient fuel correction amount is calculated in accordance with the calculated air-fuel ratio deviation for each region determined by the predetermined engine operating parameter. A fuel amount to be supplied to the engine is calculated by correcting said base fuel amount in accordance with the transient fuel correction amount.

Abstract: A method for controlling the air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine in which the correction value of a transient fuel injection amount is decided, at a predetermined interval, in accordance with the acceleration or deceleration state of the engine, and the amount of fuel injection supplied to the engine is corrected by the decided correction value. In the process of the correction, the deviation of the air-fuel ratio from a reference air-fuel ratio in acceleration or deceleration of the engine is detected, and the correction value of the fuel injection amount correction in the transient state of the engine in accordance with the detected air-fuel ratio deviation is determined. In the correction of amount of fuel injection in the transient state of the engine, the correction value is decided on the basis of a factor for deciding the correction value and the blunted value of the factor for deciding the correction value.

Abstract: The time when the startup of an engine is completed is detected. In accordance with the coolant temperature of the engine directly after the completion of startup, a correction coefficient is first determined, and thereafter, is gradually attenuated. The ignition timing of the engine is corrected depending upon the correction coefficient.

Abstract: In an internal-combustion engine, when the rotational speed of the engine is lower than a predetermined value, the amount of fuel to be injected into the engine is determined by the coolant temperature thereof. The amount of fuel is also changed in accordance with the change of the opening of a throttle valve provided in an intake-air passage of the engine.

Abstract: A method for controlling the fuel injection in an internal combustion engine using an upper limit of the pulse width of the fuel injection signal established on the basis of the limit intake air amount and the limit intake air amount per rotation multiplied by a predetermined constant. The fuel injection is carried out by the signal having the pulse width within the upper limit so that an over-rich air-fuel mixture is prevented.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for controlling fuel injection in an internal-combustion engine, crankshaft angle signals and cylinder discrimination signals are produced by a crankshaft angle sensor, and the signal for execution of the first injection of fuel is calculated in a control circuit on the basis of the crankshaft angle signals and the cylinder discrimination signals so that the first explosion of the air-fuel mixture takes place within one rotation of the crankshaft of the engine.

Abstract: An ignition timing control unit for a car engine by use of a microprocessor having a CPU, A ROM, and a RAM and a plurality of sensors, each output of which is connected to the input of the microprocessor so as to detect various parameters about running conditions of the engine in which various operations and calculations, such as determining whether or not the current engine speed detected is larger than an averaged out value which was detected previously and which has been stored in the RAM, updating the old weighting averaged value stored in the RAM with a new weighting averaged value, calculating a delay angle amount to be corrected for a spark advance angle and an effective spark advance angle value, and controlling the output timing of the ignition current to be applied to the igniter are carried out in the CPU of the microprocessor, in accordance with particular control programs according to the present invention which have been stored in the ROM.