Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a hemodiafiltration apparatus capable of easily and efficiently removing medium to large molecule solutes at a low cost. Provided is a hemodialysis apparatus which uses a hemodialyzer accommodating a hollow yarn membrane in hemodiafiltration to cause a dialysis fluid to flow from a dialysis fluid circuit side to a blood circuit side by forceful back-filtration via the hemodialyzer, and to cause a fluid in the blood circuit to reflux to a dialysis fluid circuit side by filtration via the hemodialyzer, the hemodialysis apparatus being characterized in that a flux operation of the fluid from the dialysis fluid side to the blood circuit side by the back-filtration, and a reflux operation of the fluid from the blood circuit side to the dialysis fluid circuit side by the filtration are repeated intermittently and for at least a plurality of times.

Abstract: A single needle hemodiafiltration apparatus is provided. The single needle hemodiafiltration apparatus includes circuits for blood supply from a patient and blood return to a patient, a dialysis fluid supply system for supplying a dialysis fluid, and a system for controlling the blood flow and dialysis fluid flow in a separation device which is equipped to perform filtration and back-filtration operations. A controller is provided that controls, in a series of coordinated operations, the flow of blood from the patient into the separation device, the flow of filtration fluid and back filtration fluid, and the return of blood to the patient.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a hemodiafiltration apparatus capable of easily and efficiently removing medium to large molecule solutes at a low cost. Provided is a hemodialysis apparatus which uses a hemodialyzer accommodating a hollow yarn membrane in hemodiafiltration to cause a dialysis fluid to flow from a dialysis fluid circuit side to a blood circuit side by forceful back-filtration via the hemodialyzer, and to cause a fluid in the blood circuit to reflux to a dialysis fluid circuit side by filtration via the hemodialyzer, the hemodialysis apparatus being characterized in that a flux operation of the fluid from the dialysis fluid side to the blood circuit side by the back-filtration, and a reflux operation of the fluid from the blood circuit side to the dialysis fluid circuit side by the filtration are repeated intermittently and for at least a plurality of times.

Abstract: Provided is a hemodialyzer in which deterioration in membrane performance of a hollow fiber with time can be grasped accurately during dialysis and the performance can be recovered quickly and positively. The hemodialyzer, constituted by connecting an artery side blood circuit (2) having a blood pump (7) to the artery side of a dialyzer (1), connecting a vein side blood circuit (3) to the vein side of the dialyzer (1), and connecting a dialysate supply line (4) and a dialysate discharge line (5), respectively, to the side face of the dialyzer (1), is provided with a detector (15) for determining the pressure in the blood circuit, and a detector (16) for determining the pressure in the dialysate line, in which transmembrane pressure is calculated based on the determined pressures, and reverse filtering is performed by the dialyzer (1) when the transmembrane pressure exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: An apparatus for blood dialysis composed at least of a hemodialyzer (a) whereby blood is brought into contact with a dialysate via a semipermeable membrane and thus purified; a blood circulation system (b) composed of a blood circuit in the arterial side whereby blood is taken out from a patient and flown into the hemodialyzer and another blood circuit in the venous side whereby the blood flown out from the hemodialyzer is returned to the patient; a dialysate supplying/discharging system (c) for supplying and discharging the dialysate composed of a dialysate-supply line for supplying the dialysate to the hemodialyzer and a dialysate-discharge line for discharging the dialysate flown out from the hemodialyzer, and a means (d) of controlling the back-filtration speed. Owing to this constitution, individual steps from the preparation of the dialysis (treatment) to the completion of the treatment and the change from a specific step to the next step can be safely, surely and quickly carried out in most cases.

Abstract: An automatic reinfusing system which involves no contamination or medical errors or any other operational problems and allows easy and simple operation, without imposing any burden on the medical worker. The automatic reinfusing system includes a hemodialysis circuit, wherein a solution replenishing line has a replenishing solution supply source and an opening and closing arrangement for opening and closing the solution replenishing line, a dialysate supply line and a dialysate discharge line for perfusing to the dialyzer, with a solution feeding arrangement being respectively provided for the dialysate supply line and the dialysate discharge line. At least one filtering and reverse-filtering third solution feeding arrangement capable of normal and reverse rotation and allowing flow rate control serves to perform filtering and reverse filtering on one of the dialysate supply line and the dialysate discharge line in parallel with the solution feeding arrangement.

Abstract: An automatic dialyzer for purifying blood brought into contact with a dialysate via a semi-impermeable membrane. The dialyzer includes at least a blood circulating system and a dialysate supply/discharge system, wherein the blood line of the blood circulating system is connected to an overflow line having a reversibly-rotatable blood pump, a blood chamber, and an open/close device for overflowing of liquid from the blood chamber to the outside of the blood line. Liquid supply means is provided to a first bypass line and/or a second bypass line for supplying liquid in both forward and reverse directions to enable regulation of the supply amount of the dialysate for water removing/liquid replenishing. The supply speed of the liquid supply device and the supply speed of the blood pump are regulatable in conjunction with each other. Also provided is a dialyzing method using the automatic dialyzer.

Abstract: A novel single needle hemodiafiltration apparatus and a novel single needle hemodiafiltration method for purifying blood with excellent removal performance via extracorporeal circulation with a single needle type are provided. The single needle hemodiafiltration apparatus includes a blood supply system for supplying blood, a dialysis fluid supply system for supplying a dialysis fluid and a system for controlling a movement of a fluid between the two supply systems, and a filtration/back-filtration liquid supply unit provided in the dialysis fluid supply system is controlled in conjunction with a blood pump provided in the blood supply system so that blood is removed from the body synchronously with the filtration and returned to the body synchronously with the back-filtration, thereby enabling extracorporeal circulation with the single needle. At a time of filtration, substances are removed by diffusion and ultrafiltration. At a time of recirculation in the blood circuit, substances are removed by diffusion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dialysis coupler assembly comprising a pair of rubber-like elastic tubular couplers, and a pair of joint members for joining the couplers together. Each of the couplers includes an inner channel 14 allowing a connector associated with a medical device to be fitted therein, and a smooth surface 15, 16 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the coupler. The couplers are adapted to be joined together through the joint members in such manner that the smooth surfaces are in liquid-tight contact with one another. Each of the joint members is adapted to be attached slidably and rotatably onto corresponding one of the couplers, the joint members having first and second engagement portions, respectively. The first and second engagement portions are disposed opposed to one another and adapted to cooperatively engage the joint members with one another so as to allow the smooth surfaces to be brought into liquid-tight contact with one another.

Abstract: An apparatus for blood dialysis composed at least of a hemodialyzer (a) whereby blood is brought into contact with a dialysate via a semipermeable membrane and thus purified; a blood circulation system (b) composed of a blood circuit in the arterial side whereby blood is taken out from a patient and flown into the hemodialyzer and another blood circuit in the venous side whereby the blood flown out from the hemodialyzer is returned to the patient; a dialysate supplying/discharging system (c) for supplying and discharging the dialysate composed of a dialysate-supply line for supplying the dialysate to the hemodialyzer and a dialysate-discharge line for discharging the dialysate flown out from the hemodialyzer, and a means (d) of controlling the back-filtration speed. Owing to this constitution, individual steps from the preparation of the dialysis (treatment) to the completion of the treatment and the change from a specific step to the next step can be safely, surely and quickly carried out in most cases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dialysis coupler assembly comprising a pair of rubber-like elastic tubular couplers, and a pair of joint members for joining the couplers together. Each of the couplers includes an inner channel 14 allowing a connector associated with a medical device to be fitted therein, and a smooth surface 15, 16 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the coupler. The couplers are adapted to be joined together through the joint members in such manner that the smooth surfaces are in liquid-tight contact with one another. Each of the joint members is adapted to be attached slidably and rotatably onto corresponding one of the couplers, the joint members having first and second engagement portions, respectively. The first and second engagement portions are disposed opposed to one another and adapted to cooperatively engage the joint members with one another so as to allow the smooth surfaces to be brought into liquid-tight contact with one another.

Abstract: An automatic dialyzer for purifying blood brought into contact with a dialysate via a semi-impermeable membrane, comprising at least a blood circulating system and a dialysate supply/discharge system, characterized in that the blood line of the blood circulating system is connected to an overflow line having a reversibly-rotatable blood pump and also having a blood chamber and an open/close means for overflowing of liquid from the blood chamber to the outside of the blood line, and liquid supply means, for supplying liquid in both forward and reverse directions and being able to regulate the supply amount of the dialysate for water removing/liquid replenishing, are provided to a first bypass line and/or a second bypass line, the supply speed of the liquid supply means and the supply speed of the blood pump being regulatable in conjunction with each other; and a dialyzing method using the automatic dialyzer.