Abstract: A sheet folding device includes first and second folding rollers as a pair arranged on a sheet transfer path located downstream of a printing unit and configured to form a fold on a printed sheet. At least the first folding roller includes a small-diameter portion formed at a position corresponding to a range of a width of a separating roller in the sheet width direction, and a large-diameter portion formed at a position other than the position of the small-diameter portion.

Abstract: The present invention is a polyester composition for a masterbatch, which comprises a polyester, a magnesium compound, an alkali metal compound and a phosphorus compound, wherein magnesium atoms, alkali metal atoms and phosphorus atoms are contained in amounts of 400 to 2700 ppm by mass, 40 to 270 ppm by mass and 200 to 1700 ppm by mass, respectively, in the polyester composition, the melt resistivity of the polyester composition is 0.005×108 to 0.05×108 ?·cm, and few contaminant particles are observed in the polyester composition under specified conditions. The polyester composition for a masterbatch has a satisfactorily low melt resistivity, contains few contaminant particles, and has an excellent color hue and excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: The present invention is a polyester composition for a masterbatch, which comprises a polyester, a magnesium compound, an alkali metal compound and a phosphorus compound, wherein magnesium atoms, alkali metal atoms and phosphorus atoms are contained in amounts of 400 to 2700 ppm by mass, 40 to 270 ppm by mass and 200 to 1700 ppm by mass, respectively, in the polyester composition, the melt resistivity of the polyester composition is 0.005×108 to 0.05×108 ?·cm, and few contaminant particles are observed in the polyester composition under specified conditions. The polyester composition for a masterbatch has a satisfactorily low melt resistivity, contains few contaminant particles, and has an excellent color hue and excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: The present invention is a polyester composition for a film, wherein the polyester composition comprises a masterbatch polyester composition including 1.0 to 2.0%, by mass of inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 3.0 ?m and having been prepared using a polycondensation catalyst containing, and an inorganic particle-free polyester resin in a mass ratio of 1:15 to 35; and wherein the polyester composition will cause little filter clogging and can provide a polyester film that is excellent in slipping properties, running properties and wear resistance and will suffer from little deterioration in quality due to defects or insoluble particles located on the film.

Abstract: A sheet folding device includes first and second folding rollers as a pair arranged on a sheet transfer path located downstream of a printing unit and configured to form a fold on a printed sheet. At least the first folding roller includes a small-diameter portion formed at a position corresponding to a range of a width of a separating roller in the sheet width direction, and a large-diameter portion formed at a position other than the position of the small-diameter portion.

Abstract: The present invention is a polyester composition for a film, wherein the polyester composition comprises a masterbatch polyester composition including 1.0 to 2.0%, by mass of inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 3.0 ?m and having been prepared using a polycondensation catalyst containing, and an inorganic particle-free polyester resin in a mass ratio of 1:15 to 35; and wherein the polyester composition will cause little filter clogging and can provide a polyester film that is excellent in slipping properties, running properties and wear resistance and will suffer from little deterioration in quality due to defects or insoluble particles located on the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyester resin obtained by using an aluminum compound and a phosphorus compound as a polymerization catalyst, containing greater than or equal to 85% by mol of an ethylene terephthalate structural unit, wherein the content of an aluminum-based contaminant with respect to the mass of the polyester resin is less than or equal to 100 ppb, and the content of a phosphorus compound represented by a specific structure is 5 to 11 ppm. The present invention is able to provide a polyester resin capable of keeping high transparency of the molded body when it is sequentially polymerized and produced on a commercial scale, and having such characteristics that crystallization of a mouth plug part can be easily controlled when it is used for a heat resistant bottle, and whitening is less likely to occur at the time of heating in molding when it is used as a sheet for molding.

Abstract: In a ferromagnetic material containing at least one kind of rare-earth element, a layer containing at least one kind of alkaline earth element or rare-earth element and fluorine is formed at the grain boundary or near the powder surface of the ferromagnetic material. A further layer containing at least one kind of rare-earth element, having a fluorine concentration lower than that of the layer described first and having a rare-earth element concentration higher than that of the host phase of the ferromagnetic material, or an oxide layer containing a rare-earth element is formed in adjacent with a portion of the layer described first.

Abstract: In a ferromagnetic material containing at least one kind of rare-earth element, a layer containing at least one kind of alkaline earth element or rare-earth element and fluorine is formed at the grain boundary or near the powder surface of the ferromagnetic material. A further layer containing at least one kind of rare-earth element, having a fluorine concentration lower than that of the layer described first and having a rare-earth element concentration higher than that of the host phase of the ferromagnetic material, or an oxide layer containing a rare-earth element is formed in adjacent with a portion of the layer described first.

Abstract: A magnet, wherein a surface of each of magnetic particles constituting the magnet is covered by a film with two or more types of fluoride are main components, wherein the main components of the film are fluoride including an element selected from the group consisting of Mg, La, Ce, Pr and Nd and fluoride including an element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu.

Abstract: A fluoride coating composition forms a coating of a rare earth fluoride and/or an alkaline earth metal fluoride on a surface of an article to be coated. The composition contains the rare earth fluoride and/or alkaline earth metal fluoride, and a medium mainly containing at least one alcohol. In the composition, the rare earth fluoride and/or alkaline earth metal fluoride is swollen by the medium, is gelatinous, and is dispersed in the medium.

Abstract: In a ferromagnetic material containing at least one kind of rare-earth element, a layer containing at least one kind of alkaline earth element or rare-earth element and fluorine is formed at the grain boundary or near the powder surface of the ferromagnetic material. A further layer containing at least one kind of rare-earth element, having a fluorine concentration lower than that of the layer described first and having a rare-earth element concentration higher than that of the host phase of the ferromagnetic material, or an oxide layer containing a rare-earth element is formed in adjacent with a portion of the layer described first.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical reactor with which nitrogen oxide emission control can be performed very efficiently at a low applied voltage when an excess of oxygen is present in a combustion exhaust gas. The present invention is a chemical reactor in which the upper cathode, lower cathode, and anode that make the chemical reactor are a mixture of an electron-conductive substance and an ion-conductive substance, and the electron-conductive substance and ion-conductive substance of the upper cathode are mixed in a specific ratio, which makes it possible to lower the applied voltage and reduce the power consumption of the chemical reactor, and is also a method for the emission control of nitrogen oxides in which this chemical reactor is used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical reactor having an electrochemical cell containing a three-layer structure for the decomposition and removal of a substance treated by a chemical reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical reactor for carrying out chemical reactions of substances to be treated in the presence of excess oxygen in which nitrogen oxides can be decomposed and removed with high efficiency and low energy consumption, wherein the catalytic reaction is utilized to reduce the content of excess oxygen during the chemical reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical reactor having an electrochemical cell containing a three-layer structure for the decomposition and removal of a substance treated by a chemical reaction.

Abstract: An X-ray tube which is high in brightness and high in resolution, and can withstand continuous long-time use, that is, it can withstand a high heat load. An X-ray target and an X-ray tube having the X-ray target include an X-ray generating metal layer having an average crystal grain diameter not larger than 30 &mgr;m on the surface of a base plate in the X-ray irradiated side. The X-ray tube has a small focus point and can withstand a high input load. A CT apparatus using the X-ray tube can provide a high resolution and a high definition image.

Abstract: A ferroelectric element is provided that can be highly densely integrated having a high Pr and a small Ec by using a ferroelectric thin film of the perovskite structure. A large distortion is imparted to the crystalline lattices of a ferroelectric thin film of the perovskite structure by using in combination elements having dissimilar ionic radii for the A-site that constitutes crystalline lattices, for the B-site and for the C-site that produces polarization, in order to obtain a ferroelectric element of a structure in which the ferroelectric thin film exhibiting a high spontaneous polarization and a small coersive electric field is sandwiched by the electrodes.

Abstract: A superconducting oxide wire and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The wire comprises a pipe made of a metal and a superconducting oxide material filling the interior of the pipe and comprising superconducting oxide grains which are bonded to each other and which have a perovskite crystal structure having a C face and a C axis. The superconducting oxide grains contain more than 50 vol % of plate-shaped grains of which the length in the direction of the C face is greater than the length in the direction of the C axis. The C faces of most the plate-shaped grains are arranged to be directed toward longitudinal axis of the pipe.

Abstract: Fiber bundle reinforced composite material useful for various high temperature structural members having excellent strength, toughness and resistance to oxidation and a process for producing the same. The fiber bundle reinforced composite material is reinforced with fiber bundles each having a plurality of continuous inorganic fibers bundled with medium such as carbon, being oriented in one, two or three directions, or randomly in the matrix which is reinforced with nano-sized particles precipitated. The fiber bundle reinforced composite material has a desired orientation of fibers and enables production of fiber bundle reinforced composite members having excellent strength and toughness.