Abstract: An electrochemical hydrogen pump includes at least one hydrogen pump unit including an electrolyte membrane, an anode on one main surface of the electrolyte membrane, a cathode on the other main surface of the electrolyte membrane, an anode separator on the anode, and a cathode separator on the cathode, the at least one hydrogen pump unit transferring, to the cathode, hydrogen supplied to the anode and pressurizing the hydrogen, a first fixing member for preventing movement of the cathode separator in a direction in which the cathode separator is stacked, a first end plate on the anode separator at one end in the stacking direction, a second end plate on the cathode separator at the other end in the stacking direction, and a first gas flow channel through which hydrogen in the cathode is supplied to a first space between the second end plate and the cathode separator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sample-to-answer systems, devices, cartridges, and method of using the same for detecting the presence of microorganisms in a sample, such as bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sample-to-answer systems, devices, cartridges, and method of using the same for detecting the presence of microorganisms in a sample, such as bacteria.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method including the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at a non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method comprising the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method comprising the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a spacer having a low-resistance film without using any exhaust device, and being interposed between a first substrate having an image forming member and a second substrate having an electron-emitting device. The method including the steps of preparing a spacer substrate with an edge including a tapered, chamfered or arcuated portion, preparing a liquid comprising a dispersed conductive material or dissolved conductive material, dipping the edge into the liquid, and drying and/or baking the spacer substrate after the dipping step.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method comprising the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method comprising the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method comprising the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: In an image display apparatus which has a multi-electron beam source in which a plurality of electron emission elements are connected in a matrix pattern using a plurality of data electrodes and a plurality of scanning electrodes, and a fluorescent screen having phosphors of three primary colors R, G, and B corresponding to the electron emission elements, natural white color emission is obtained while suppressing a decrease in G luminance, using, e.g., a checkerboard layout which has a G spatial resolution higher than the R or B spatial resolution and includes more G phosphors than the R or B phosphors.

Abstract: This invention has as its object to easily form a low-cost spacer having a low-resistance film (electrode) without using any exhaust device. This invention provides a method of manufacturing a spacer interposed between the first substrate having an image forming member and the second substrate having an electron-emitting device, including the steps of preparing a glass preform, stretching part of the glass preform while heating the glass preform by a heater, and cutting the stretched glass preform into a desired length, wherein the stretching step has the step of feeding the glass preform at a velocity v1 toward the heater, and stretching the glass preform heated by the heater in a direction away from the heater at a velocity v2, and the velocities v1 and v2 have different speeds and satisfy a relation: v1<v2.

Abstract: This invention has as its object to easily form a low-cost spacer having a low-resistance film (electrode) without using any exhaust device. This invention provides a method of manufacturing a spacer interposed between the first substrate having an image forming member and the second substrate having an electron-emitting device, including the steps of preparing a glass preform, stretching part of the glass preform while heating the glass preform by a heater, and cutting the stretched glass preform into a desired length, wherein the stretching step has the step of feeding the glass preform at a velocity v1 toward the heater, and stretching the glass preform heated by the heater in a direction away from the heater at a velocity v2, and the velocities v1 and v2 have different speeds and satisfy a relation: v1<v2.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method comprising the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving an electron source in which a high-quality image display is presented by correcting a non-uniform effective current distribution caused in cold cathode elements by leakage current. A digital video signal enters a shift register where a serial-to-parallel conversion is made for each line of an image based upon a shift clock signal. One line of the image data that has been subjected to the serial-to-parallel conversion is latched in a latch circuit and then applied to a voltage modulating circuit. The latter voltage-modulates the input data and sends the modulated signal to a voltage/current converting circuit. The latter converts the voltage quantity to a current quantity, which is applied to each of the cold cathode elements of a display panel through respective column terminals. A voltage V1 is applied to the selected row wire, and a voltage V2 (V2≠V1) is applied to all other row wires, for controlling the leakage current.

Abstract: In an image display apparatus which has a multi-electron beam source in which a plurality of electron emission elements are connected in a matrix pattern using a plurality of data electrodes and a plurality of scanning electrodes, and a fluorescent screen having phosphors of three primary colors R, G, and B corresponding to the electron emission elements, natural white color emission is obtained while suppressing a decrease in G luminance, using, e.g., a checkerboard layout which has a G spatial resolution higher than the R or B spatial resolution and includes more G phosphors than the R or B phosphors.

Abstract: In order to prevent voltage drops across the wiring resistances in a multi-electron source having a plurality of electron emitters wired in the form of a matrix through a plurality of data wiring layers and a plurality of scanning wiring layers, a constant current signal is output to each data wiring layer. At this time, each non-selected data wiring layer tends to be set at a high impedance and vary in potential, resulting in an abnormal turn-on operation or an electron orbit shift. A driving circuit for solving this problem is provided. A switch for switching a constant current output unit for outputting a constant current regardless of the impedance of a signal output destination, and a constant voltage output unit for outputting a constant voltage regardless of the impedance of a signal output destination is connected to each data wiring layer. For example, a constant-current circuit (17) as a current output unit always outputs the same current (I1 to In) to a switch (30).

Abstract: A microprobe is provided which comprises a single crystal provided on a part of one main surface of a substrate or a part of a thin film formed on one main surface of the substrate. The microprobe may have a single crystal having an apex portion surrounded by facets having a specific plane direction and comprising a specific crystal face. The method for preparing the microprobe and an electronic device employing the microprobe also provided which is useful for recording and reproducing.

Abstract: In an image display apparatus which has a multi-electron beam source in which a plurality of electron emission elements are connected in a matrix pattern using a plurality of data electrodes and a plurality of scanning electrodes, and a fluorescent screen having phosphors of three primary colors R, G, and B corresponding to the electron emission elements, natural white color emission is obtained while suppressing a decrease in G luminance, using, e.g., a checkerboard layout which has a G spatial resolution higher than the R or B spatial resolution and includes more G phosphors than the R or B phosphors.

Abstract: In an information processing apparatus, at least one of recording and reproduction of information is performed while two-dimensionally scanning a recording medium with a probe, utilizing a physical phenomenon occurring between the probe and the medium. The apparatus includes a scanning mechanism for effecting relative movement between the probe and the medium so as to translate the probe as drawing a circular or elliptic locus on the medium and a recording and/or reproducing circuit for performing at least one of the recording and reproduction of information, utilizing the physical phenomenon during the relative movement.