Abstract: Provided is a ferritic stainless steel having excellent brazability and excellent corrosion resistance to condensed water in an environment in which the ferritic stainless steel is used for an exhaust heat recovery device or an EGR cooler. The ferritic stainless steel has a composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.025% or less, Si: 0.01% or more and less than 0.40%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 17.0 to 30.0%, Mo: 1.10 to 3.0%, Ni: more than 0.80% and 3.0% or less, Nb: 0.20 to 0.80%, Al: 0.001 to 0.10%, and N: 0.025% or less, with the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and satisfying the following expression (1) and expression (2): C+N?0.030%??(1) Cr+Mo?19.0%??(2) where C, N, Cr, and Mo in expression (1) and expression (2) represent the contents (mass %) of the corresponding elements.

Abstract: Provided is ferritic stainless steel having excellent brazeability and excellent corrosion resistance to condensed water in an environment in which the steel is used for an exhaust heat recovery device or an EGR cooler. A ferritic stainless steel has a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.025% or less, Si: 0.40% to 2.0%, Mn: 0.05% to 1.5%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 16.0% to 30.0%, Mo: 0.60% to 3.0%, Ni: 0.10% to 2.5%, Nb: 0.20% to 0.80%, Al: 0.001% to 0.15%, N: 0.025% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, in which relational expressions (1) and (2) below are satisfied. C+N?0.030%??(1), 2Si+Ni?1.0%??(2), (in relational expressions (1) and (2), C, N, Si, and Ni each denote the contents (mass %) of the corresponding elements).

Abstract: Provided is a ferritic stainless steel that has good corrosion resistance and which exhibits good brazeability when subjected to high-temperature brazing with a Ni-containing brazing filler metal. The ferritic stainless steel has a composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.003 to 0.020%, Si: 0.05 to 0.60%, Mn: 0.05 to 0.50%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Cr: 17.0 to 24.0%, Ni: 0.20 to 0.80%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.80%, Mo: 0.01 to 2.50%, Al: 0.001 to 0.015%, Nb: 0.25 to 0.60%, and N: 0.020% or less, with the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, the composition satisfying formula (1) below and formula (2) below, Cu+Mo?0.30??(1) 4Ni?(Si+Mn)?0??(2) (wherein Cu and Mo in formula (1) and Ni, Si, and Mn in formula (2) each represent the content (mass %) of the corresponding element).

Abstract: A communications system configured to execute data transmission between a transponder having no radio wave generating source thereof and a reader/writer is provided. The communications system includes, a service permission level notifier configured to tell a service permission level for associated with a received signal level for permitting service acceptance from the reader/writer to the transponder, and an access controller configured to determine in the transponder whether the received signal level from the reader/writer is at the notified service permission level to determine accessibility to the transponder from the reader/writer.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel having good corrosion resistance and good brazability in the case where brazing is performed with a Ni-containing brazing filler metal at a high temperature. The ferritic stainless steel has a chemical composition comprising, by mass %, C: 0.003% to 0.020%, Si: 0.05% to 0.60%, Mn: 0.05% to 0.30%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cr: 17.0% to 22.0%, Ni: 0.20% to 0.80%, Cu: 0.30% to 0.80%, Mo: 0.01% to 0.10%, Al: 0.001% to 0.015%, Nb: 0.25% to 0.60%, N: 0.020% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. The expression 4Ni?(Si+Mn)?0.00% is satisfied, where each of Ni, Si, and Mn denotes a content, by mass %, of a corresponding element.

Abstract: A configuration for water purification undergoes the water supply step of taking in treatment water through a water suction port and pressure-feeding the treatment water, the air supply step of taking in air through an air suction port and supplying the air, the oxygen amount increasing step of pressurizing the air supplied at the air supply step to increase the total amount of oxygen, the ionization step of ionizing the pressurized air subjected to the oxygen amount increasing step, the mixing step of obtaining gas-liquid mixing fluid subjected to first fine air bubble formation by spraying the air into the flow of treatment water, and the accelerated spraying step of performing second fine air bubble formation by accelerating a flow velocity by a narrowed-diameter portion provided at a spray nozzle when the gas-liquid mixing fluid obtained through the mixing step is sprayed into the treatment water.

Abstract: Provided is a ferritic stainless steel having excellent brazability and excellent corrosion resistance to condensed water in an environment in which the ferritic stainless steel is used for an exhaust heat recovery device or an EGR cooler. The ferritic stainless steel has a composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.025% or less, Si: 0.01% or more and less than 0.40%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 17.0 to 30.0%, Mo: 1.10 to 3.0%, Ni: more than 0.80% and 3.0% or less, Nb: 0.20 to 0.80%, Al: 0.001 to 0.10%, and N: 0.025% or less, with the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and satisfying the following expression (1) and expression (2): C+N?0.030% ??(1) Cr+Mo?19.0% ??(2) where C, N, Cr, and Mo in expression (1) and expression (2) represent the contents (mass %) of the corresponding elements.

Abstract: A communications system configured to execute data transmission between a transponder having no radio wave generating source thereof and a reader/writer is provided. The communications system includes, a service permission level notifier configured to tell a service permission level for associated with a received signal level for permitting service acceptance from the reader/writer to the transponder, and an access controller configured to determine in the transponder whether the received signal level from the reader/writer is at the notified service permission level to determine accessibility to the transponder from the reader/writer.

Abstract: A communications system configured to execute data transmission between a transponder having no radio wave generating source thereof and a reader/writer is provided. The communications system includes, a service permission level notifier configured to tell a service permission level for associated with a received signal level for permitting service acceptance from the reader/writer to the transponder, and an access controller configured to determine in the transponder whether the received signal level from the reader/writer is at the notified service permission level to determine accessibility to the transponder from the reader/writer.

Abstract: Provided is a ferritic stainless steel having a chemical composition containing, in mass %: 0.003% to 0.025% of C; 0.05% to 1.00% of Si; 0.05% to 1.00% of Mn; 0.04% or less of P; 0.01% or less of S; 16.0% to 23.0% of Cr; 0.20% to 0.80% of Cu; 0.05% to 0.60% of Ni; 0.20% to 0.70% of Nb; 0.005% to 0.020% of N; and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, in which a nitrogen-enriched layer is present that has a nitrogen concentration peak value of 0.03 mass % to 0.30 mass % at a depth of within 0.05 ?m of a surface of the steel.

Abstract: Provided is a ferritic stainless steel that has excellent corrosion resistance and displays good brazing properties when brazing is carried out at high temperature using a Ni-containing brazing metal. These effects are obtained as a result of the steel having a chemical composition containing, in mass %: 0.003%-0.020% of C; 0.05%-1.00% of Si; 0.10%-0.50% of Mn, 0.04% or less of P; 0.01% or less of S; 16.0%-25.0% of Cr; 0.05%-0.60% of Ni; 0.25%-0.45% of Nb; 0.005%-0.15% of Al; 0.005%-0.030% of N; and at least one selected from 0.50%-2.50% of Mo and 0.05%-0.80% of Cu, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and as a result of a nitrogen-enriched layer being created that has a nitrogen concentration peak value of 0.03 to 0.30 mass % at a depth of within 0.05 ?m of a surface of the steel.

Abstract: Provided is ferritic stainless steel having excellent brazeability and excellent corrosion resistance to condensed water in an environment in which the steel is used for an exhaust heat recovery device or an EGR cooler. A ferritic stainless steel has a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.025% or less, Si: 0.40% to 2.0%, Mn: 0.05% to 1.5%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 16.0% to 30.0%, Mo: 0.60% to 3.0%, Ni: 0.10% to 2.5%, Nb: 0.20% to 0.80%, Al: 0.001% to 0.15%, N: 0.025% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, in which relational expressions (1) and (2) below are satisfied. C+N?0.030%??(1), 2Si+Ni?1.0%??(2), (in relational expressions (1) and (2), C, N, Si, and Ni each denote the contents (mass %) of the corresponding elements).

Abstract: Provided is a ferritic stainless steel that has good corrosion resistance and which exhibits good brazeability when subjected to high-temperature brazing with a Ni-containing brazing filler metal. The ferritic stainless steel has a composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.003 to 0.020%, Si: 0.05 to 0.60%, Mn: 0.05 to 0.50%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Cr: 17.0 to 24.0%, Ni: 0.20 to 0.80%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.80%, Mo: 0.01 to 2.50%, Al: 0.001 to 0.015%, Nb: 0.25 to 0.60%, and N: 0.020% or less, with the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, the composition satisfying formula (1) below and formula (2) below, Cu+Mo?0.30??(1) 4Ni?(Si+Mn)?0??(2) (wherein Cu and Mo in formula (1) and Ni, Si, and Mn in formula (2) each represent the content (mass %) of the corresponding element).

Abstract: A first pattern P1 is formed with a first material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a first surface BS of a print medium M including an expansion layer M2 that expands by heating. A second pattern P2 for expanding the expansion layer M2 to complement expansion of the expansion layer M2 by the first pattern P1 is formed with a second material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a second surface FS which is an opposite surface of the print medium M to the first surface BS and is closer to the expansion layer M2 than the first surface BS. The first material forming the first pattern P1 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the first surface BS. The second material forming the second pattern P2 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the second surface FS.

Abstract: A first pattern P1 is formed with a first material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a first surface BS of a print medium M including an expansion layer M2 that expands by heating. A second pattern P2 for expanding the expansion layer M2 to complement expansion of the expansion layer M2 by the first pattern P1 is formed with a second material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a second surface FS which is an opposite surface of the print medium M to the first surface BS and is closer to the expansion layer M2 than the first surface BS. The first material forming the first pattern P1 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the first surface BS. The second material forming the second pattern P2 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the second surface FS.

Abstract: A first pattern P1 is formed with a first material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a first surface BS of a print medium M including an expansion layer M2 that expands by heating. A second pattern P2 for expanding the expansion layer M2 to complement expansion of the expansion layer M2 by the first pattern P1 is formed with a second material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a second surface FS which is an opposite surface of the print medium M to the first surface BS and is closer to the expansion layer M2 than the first surface BS. The first material forming the first pattern P1 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the first surface BS. The second material forming the second pattern P2 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the second surface FS.

Abstract: A first pattern P1 is formed with a first material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a first surface BS of a print medium M including an expansion layer M2 that expands by heating. A second pattern P2 for expanding the expansion layer M2 to complement expansion of the expansion layer M2 by the first pattern P1 is formed with a second material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a second surface FS which is an opposite surface of the print medium M to the first surface BS and is closer to the expansion layer M2 than the first surface BS. The first material forming the first pattern P1 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the first surface BS. The second material forming the second pattern P2 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the second surface FS.

Abstract: A configuration for water purification undergoes the water supply step of taking in treatment water through a water suction port and pressure-feeding the treatment water, the air supply step of taking in air through an air suction port and supplying the air, the oxygen amount increasing step of pressurizing the air supplied at the air supply step to increase the total amount of oxygen, the ionization step of ionizing the pressurized air subjected to the oxygen amount increasing step, the mixing step of obtaining gas-liquid mixing fluid subjected to first fine air bubble formation by spraying the air into the flow of treatment water, and the accelerated spraying step of performing second fine air bubble formation by accelerating a flow velocity by a narrowed-diameter portion provided at a spray nozzle when the gas-liquid mixing fluid obtained through the mixing step is sprayed into the treatment water.

Abstract: A first pattern P1 is formed with a first material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a first surface BS of a print medium M including an expansion layer M2 that expands by heating. A second pattern P2 for expanding the expansion layer M2 to complement expansion of the expansion layer M2 by the first pattern P1 is formed with a second material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a second surface FS which is an opposite surface of the print medium M to the first surface BS and is closer to the expansion layer M2 than the first surface BS. The first material forming the first pattern P1 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the first surface BS. The second material forming the second pattern P2 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the second surface FS.

Abstract: A first pattern P1 is formed with a first material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a first surface BS of a print medium M including an expansion layer M2 that expands by heating. A second pattern P2 for expanding the expansion layer M2 to complement expansion of the expansion layer M2 by the first pattern P1 is formed with a second material for converting electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy, on a second surface FS which is an opposite surface of the print medium M to the first surface BS and is closer to the expansion layer M2 than the first surface BS. The first material forming the first pattern P1 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the first surface BS. The second material forming the second pattern P2 is irradiated with electromagnetic waves from the second surface FS.