Abstract: An apparatus for the heat treatment of a substrate comprises a heat treating plate for heating or cooling a substrate, three holes for one substrate provided on the surface of the heat treating plate whose position is selected to suitably place the substrate, and three balls respectively in the three holes with the diameter of the balls being slightly larger than the depth of the holes. The substrate is retained on the three balls for heat treatment.

Abstract: A small-sized gas pressure welding machine for rails comprises a pressure application unit and an excess metal punching unit. The pressure application unit includes a positioning bed disposed along the rail feet of rails to be welded together, a movable pressure application clamp mechanism provided at one end of the positioning bed and a stationary pressure application clamp mechanism provided at the other end of the positioning bed. The movable clamp mechanism clamps the rail foot of one of the rails and provides an abutting pressure. The stationary clamp mechanism clamps the rail foot of the other rail and receives the abutting pressure.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer for a printing pin of a dot-matrix or an armature of a relay drives a mechanical amplification mechanism having a base plate with a reference wall that is to be fixed to a frame. An elongated piezoelectric transducer element extends in the direction of its expansion between the base plate and a lever arm. A lever arm has a first end portion coupled to an end of the piezoelectric transducer element, which is remote from the base plate. The lever arm is fixed to the second portion of the base plate by a fulcrum member located at a position near the first end. A band spring has one end coupled between the second end portion of the lever arm and the base plate. An actuating element is fixed to substantially a central portion of the spring. The actuating element may be either a printing pin of a dot-matrix or the moving contact of a relay.

Abstract: A dot-type printer of the type using printing pins or wires is improved by employing a driving system which includes a variable-volume sealed container enclosing a pressure transmitting medium. Electrodes are disposed in the medium and are closely spaced such that the application of a high voltage will cause arc discharge across the same. The discharge energy applied to the medium causes an expansion of the medium, which in turn causes an expansion of the sealed container. The printing pins or wires are abutted against a movable membrane or bellows portion of the container, so that container expansion effects linear movement of the pins or wires.

Abstract: A piezoelectrically driven print mechanism for a dot matrix printer includes a piezoelectric element to which is connected a movement amplification member and electrical drive means for causing expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element along a first axis in response to the application of an electric potential. A printing pin is connected to the movement amplification member. The expansion or contraction of the piezoelectric element is converted into a much larger movement of the amplification member along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. This amplified movement is transferred to the printing pin. Several embodiments of the movement amplification member are disclosed.

Abstract: A device for ventilating cooling air for cooling the coolant of a water-cooled engine of a construction machine having inlets and outlets for cooling the air for which dissipates the heat of the coolant of the engine. At least one of said inlets and outlets are directed elevationally upwardly or downwardly with respect to the machinery, and thus the noise generated from the engine is remarkably reduced.