Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a formic acid production method and a formic acid production system with high production efficiency and in low cost. It is a formic acid production method comprising: preparing a mixed solution by mixing a solution containing an organic substance with a metal oxide powder having a photocatalyst function; and producing a formic acid by irradiating a light to the mixed solution. Also, it is a formic acid production system comprising: a raw material charging unit into which a solution containing an organic substance and a metal oxide powder having a photocatalyst function are charged; an artificial photosynthesis reaction unit for reacting a mixed solution of the organic substance and the metal oxide powder by irradiating a sunlight or a light to the mixed solution; and a formic acid recovery unit for recovering a formic acid from the mixed solution after an artificial photosynthesis reaction.

Abstract: Examples of an electromagnetic field detecting element according to the present invention includes a substrate, a pair of electrodes, three insulation layers disposed on the substrate and between the electrodes. The three insulation layers are designed to have two or three different dielectric breakdown strength. At least two ballistic current paths are formed between the electrodes. With this structure, it is possible to perform at a room temperature a highly efficient electromagnetic field detection utilizing Aharonov-Bohm effect or Aharonov-Casher effect.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field generating element restrains magnetic field attenuation or magnetic field delay in a high frequency recording/reproducing head for thermally assisted magnetic field recording/reproduction using a near field. An information recording/reproducing head and an information recording/reproducing apparatus carry out high frequency magnetic recording/reproduction. The electromagnetic field generating element includes: (i) a substrate, (ii) conductors each provided on the substrate and each serving as a supporting section, (iii) a plate-like-shaped conductor provided on the conductors and (iv) a semiconductor laser element provided on the substrate. The semiconductor laser element irradiates laser light to the plate-like-shaped conductor substantially parallel to an extending flat surface of the plate-like-shaped conductor. This causes generation of a near field in the plate-like-shaped conductor.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field detecting element 10 includes a lamination of three insulation layers 2, 3, and 4. The dielectric breakdown strength of the insulation layer 3 is greater than the dielectric breakdown strengths of insulation layers 2 and 4. The three insulation layers 2, 3, and 4 are disposed between a pair of electrodes 5 and 6. Boundaries 7 and 8 on both ends of an overlapping region of the opposing surfaces 5a and 6a in a Z direction are apart from the insulation layer 3 by thicknesses t1 and t3 of the insulation layers 2 and 4, respectively. Between the pair of electrodes 5 and 6, ballistic current paths interposing therebetween the insulation layer 3 are formed by applying, between the pair of electrodes 5 and 6, an electric field having a magnitude which causes dielectric breakdown in the insulation layers 2 and 4 while causing no dielectric breakdown in the insulation layer 3.

Abstract: A cargo transporting box body with a cargo-handling device for cargo unloading or loading, the box body having on its bottom a floor board movable, and a movable partition wall on the floor board such that, when the movable partition wall is latched, only the floor board is movable, and when allowed to move, the movable partition wall moves in association with the floor board. A sprocket is attached around an axis at the base of the movable partition wall and driven by a reversible motor. A first chain has one end fixed to the posterior end of the of the box body and the other end to the anterior end; while a second chain has one end fixed to the posterior end of the box body and the other side the anterior end, and the first and second chains cross with each other at their mid-portions and engage with the sprocket.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic field generating element, an information recording/reproducing head, and an information recording/reproducing apparatus. The electromagnetic field generating element makes it possible to restrain magnetic field attenuation or magnetic field delay in a high frequency recording/reproducing head for use in thermally assisted magnetic field recording/reproduction using a near field. The information recording/reproducing head and the information recording/reproducing apparatus can carry out high frequency magnetic recording/reproducing. The electromagnetic field generating element of the present invention includes: (i) a substrate, (ii) conductors each provided on the substrate and each serving as a supporting section, (iii) a plate-like-shaped conductor provided on the conductors and (iv) a semiconductor laser element provided on the substrate.

Abstract: A machine tool capable of detecting an ambient temperature change without a detector for detecting the ambient temperature and capable of detecting an abnormality of a temperature detector for detecting the motor temperature. Motor temperature Ti (i=1, 2 . . . n) and the current feedback Ifi of each motor are read out from the temperature detector for detecting the temperature of each motor of the machine tool. The heating value Qi of each motor is obtained from current feedback Ifi. Motor temperature Ti is calculated and estimated from the heating value Q. Difference ?Ti between the estimated motor temperature Tmi and the detected temperature Tsi is obtained. When difference between maximum and minimum values of difference ?Ti exceeds the first threshold value ?, a temperature detector abnormality is outputted. When it is equal to or less than the first threshold value ?, the mean value ?T? of differences is obtained.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field generating element restrains magnetic field attenuation or magnetic field delay in a high frequency recording/reproducing head for thermally assisted magnetic field recording/reproduction using a near field. An information recording/reproducing head and an information recording/reproducing apparatus carry out high frequency magnetic recording/reproduction. The electromagnetic field generating element includes: (i) a substrate, (ii) conductors each provided on the substrate and each serving as a supporting section, (iii) a plate-like-shaped conductor provided on the conductors and (iv) a semiconductor laser element provided on the substrate. The semiconductor laser element irradiates laser light to the plate-like-shaped conductor substantially parallel to an extending flat surface of the plate-like-shaped conductor. This causes generation of a near field in the plate-like-shaped conductor.

Abstract: An automatic tool changing method and an automatic tool changing device for a machine tool with a numerical controller capable of reducing the occurrence of impact due to tool exchange with a simple structure. A turret that rotates about a pivot shaft is provided on an arm and holds multiple tools. A swing cam CS that cooperates with a swing roller provided on the turret is provided on a spindle head. As the spindle head descends the turret rotates due to the action of the swing roller and the cam CS and exchanges tools. In order to lessen the impact that occurs at this time, the velocity of the spindle head is controlled. The ideal swing velocity pattern for the turret is obtained, and from this swing velocity pattern the swing position of the turret at each moment is obtained. From the swing roller and cam CS positions at this position the position of the spindle head 34 is obtained.

Abstract: To suppress a magnetic wall movement in the structure including an amorphous magnetic layer as a recording layer, and to realize a high density recording with a sufficient signal quality level, a magnetic recording medium includes an amorphous magnetic layer (recording layer) formed on a substrate, a non-magnetic metal element layer (underlayer) formed between the substrate and the amorphous magnetic layer, wherein an average surface roughness Ra of the non-magnetic metal element layer is in a range of 0.7 nm to 2.0 nm. The foregoing structure having the non-magnetic metal element layer of a large average surface roughness Ra brings about a great pinning effect onto the amorphous magnetic layer, thereby forming magnetic bits under stable conditions when carrying out a high density recording.

Abstract: To realize an electromagnetic field generating element, an information recording and reproducing head and an information recording and reproducing device for high frequency magnetic recording and reproducing by the optically assisted magnetic recording and reproduction using near field, which permit attenuation or delay of a magnetic field to be suppressed, the electromagnetic field generating element of the present invention generates a magnetic field in a direction parallel to the surface of a constricting section by supplying current in the conductive member, and applying a laser beam from the side of the substrate to the constricting section, and a surface plasmon is excited by an magnetic field vector vertical to the surface of the constricting section, thereby generating near field from the surface facing the interface between the substrate and the constricting section.

Abstract: An automatic tool changing method and an automatic tool changing device for a machine tool with a numerical controller capable of reducing the occurrence of impact due to tool exchange with a simple structure. A turret that rotates about a pivot shaft is provided on an arm and holds multiple tools. A swing cam CS that cooperates with a swing roller provided on the turret is provided on a spindle head. As the spindle head descends the turret rotates due to the action of the swing roller and the cam CS and exchanges tools. In order to lessen the impact that occurs at this time, the velocity of the spindle head is controlled. The ideal swing velocity pattern for the turret is obtained, and from this swing velocity pattern the swing position of the turret at each moment is obtained. From the swing roller and cam CS positions at this position the position of the spindle head 34 is obtained.

Abstract: A tool changing device of a machine tool which prevents chips adhering to a tool. By using a drive motor with which a tool changing device of the machine tool is usually provided, to vibrate the tool, the chips are prevented from adhering to the tool, especially to a tapered portion of the tool, and/or the chips adhered to the tool are removed, without using any additional device.

Abstract: A machine tool capable of detecting an ambient temperature change without a detector for detecting the ambient temperature and capable of detecting an abnormality of a temperature detector for detecting the motor temperature. Motor temperature Ti (i=1, 2 . . . n) and the current feedback Ifi of each motor are read out from the temperature detector for detecting the temperature of each motor of the machine tool. The heating value Qi of each motor is obtained from current feedback Ifi. Motor temperature Ti is calculated and estimated from the heating value Q. Difference ?Ti between the estimated motor temperature Tmi and the detected temperature Tsi is obtained. When difference between maximum and minimum values of difference ?Ti exceeds the first threshold value ?, a temperature detector abnormality is outputted. When it is equal to or less than the first threshold value ?, the mean value ?T? of differences is obtained.

Abstract: A spindle motor as a heating element and a spindle head having a spindle that is driven by the spindle motor are coupled to each other by a cooling flange. The cooling flange is provided with a cooling passage, the cross-sectional area of which gradually increases with distance from its gas inlet toward its gas outlet. When a high-pressure gas is injected into the cooling passage through the gas inlet, it is adiabatically expanded and cooled by the cooling passage having the gradually increasing cross-sectional area. Thus, the cooling flange restrains heat generated from the spindle motor from being transmitted to the spindle head.

Abstract: Provided is a cargo transportation box body with a cargo-handling device for cargo unloading or loading, the box body having on its bottom a floor board movable via a cylinder in an antero-posterior direction, and a movable partition wall on the floor board such that, when the movable partition wall is latched, only the floor board is movable, and when allowed to move, the movable partition wall moves in association with the floor board, wherein whether the movable partition wall should be moved synchronously with the floor board or with a divergence relative to the latter is securely selectable, and the movable partition wall maintains a stabilized condition, being safely prevented against lateral swinging fluctuations.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic field generating element, an information recording/reproducing head, and an information recording/reproducing apparatus. The electromagnetic field generating element makes it possible to restrain magnetic field attenuation or magnetic field delay in a high frequency recording/reproducing head for use in thermally assisted magnetic field recording/reproduction using a near field. The information recording/reproducing head and the information recording/reproducing apparatus can carry out high frequency magnetic recording/reproducing. The electromagnetic field generating element of the present invention includes: (i) a substrate, (ii) conductors each provided on the substrate and each serving as a supporting section, (iii) a plate-like-shaped conductor provided on the conductors and (iv) a semiconductor laser element provided on the substrate.

Abstract: A machine tool having a low-cost pallet change function and a pallet changing method, in which a pallet is conveyed by utilizing a robot for handling a workpiece. Rollers are rotatably arranged on the pallet. The rollers are supported and rolled on rails that are arranged on a pallet changer base and a table of the machine tool. The pallet has a handle. The robot engages the handle by its hand and pulls or pushes the pallet, thereby moving the pallet between the base and the table. On the base, moreover, the robot mounts or dismounts the workpiece on or from the pallet. Since the movement of the pallet requires no substantial force, the robot for handling the workpiece can convey the pallet and change the pallet at low cost.

Abstract: An aperture 12 for producing an evanescent wave is provided at an n-Au electrode 106. The aperture 12 is directed roughly perpendicularly to a direction in which end faces 104a of an active layer 104 of an optical device oppose to each other, and therefore, laser light generated in the active layer 104 is made incident in the form of the p-polarized light. By the incidence of the p-polarized laser light, an evanescent wave of a comparatively great intensity is obtained from the aperture 12. With this arrangement, an optical device capable of obtaining an evanescent wave of a comparatively great intensity is provided.

Abstract: A magnetic signal recording method of the present invention superimposes a recording edge of a recordable region on a region where there is substantial equality between (a) a coercive force in a region on a magnetic recording medium in which the coercive force has been varied, and (b) magnetic field intensity, which is generated by a magnetic recording head. The magnetic field intensity has a magnetic field distribution whose lowering rate in an in-track position is maximum in the region. The magnetic recording head, whose recording magnetic field is distributed in a rectangular shape, is used in this way so as to form a magnetic bit having a rectangular shape that is suitable for reproduction performed by a common reproduction head having a rectangular reproduction region, thereby improving an S/N of a reproduction signal dramatically.