Abstract: The present invention provides an organic thin film solar cell having a novel photoelectric conversion layer with superior conversion efficiency from light to electricity and superior carrier transportability to an electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer is arranged between a pair of electrodes at least one of which has optical transparency, and comprises a multilayer film formed by alternately laminating an electron-donating organic semiconductor thin film and an electron-accepting thin film. The electron-donating organic semiconductor thin film is formed by organic semiconductor molecules in which cyclic compounds are bound in a linear fashion.

Abstract: A duplex eutectic silicon alloy including 30-70 weight % silicon, 10-45 weight % nitrogen, 1-40 weight % aluminum, and 1-40 weight % oxygen has a eutectic structure comprising a ??-sialon phase and an ??-sialon phase. The alloy is produced by controlling cooling at a rate of 50° C. or less per minute in combustion synthesis. A ductile sintered product capable of replacing steel in various applications can be produced by placing a compact composed of a powder of the alloy in a sintering furnace which can supply a heat quantity at least ten times the heat capacity of the compact; and sintering the compact at a pressure at least as great as atmospheric pressure, within a nitrogen atmosphere in which the silicon gas mole fraction is 10% or more, and at a temperature within the range from 1400° C. to 1700° C.

Abstract: A duplex eutectic silicon alloy including 30-70 weight % silicon, 10-45 weight % nitrogen, 1-40 weight % aluminum, and 1-40 weight % oxygen has a eutectic structure comprising a ??-sialon phase and an ??-sialon phase. The alloy is produced by controlling cooling at a rate of 50° C. or less per minute in combustion synthesis. A ductile sintered product capable of replacing steel in various applications can be produced by placing a compact composed of a powder of the alloy in a sintering furnace which can supply a heat quantity at least ten times the heat capacity of the compact; and sintering the compact at a pressure at least as great as atmospheric pressure, within a nitrogen atmosphere in which the silicon gas mole fraction is 10% or more, and at a temperature within the range from 1400° C. to 1700° C.

Abstract: Dehydration and drying of a silicon alloy argil which uses water as a principal binder are carried out by a freeze-drying process, a microwave irradiation process, or a combination thereof. In the freeze-drying process, the shaped compact is put into a cooling medium within 5 minutes after completion of shape forming, retained therein for at least 5 minutes to quick-freeze water within the compact while the water is still in a finely-dispersed condition. The compact is exposed to a pressure below the triple point pressure of water. In the microwave irradiation process, the shaped compact is put into a container exposed to continuous microwave irradiation at 2.450 GHz for at least 5 minutes while under a reduced pressure below atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: 1. An aromatic amino acid derivative represented by the formula (I) or its pharmacologically acceptable salt: wherein, R1 is a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group, R2 is a halogen atom or an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group, R3 is {circle around (1)} a hydrogen atom, {circle around (2)} an aroylamino group, {circle around (3)} a phenyl group substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, etc. {circle around (4)} a naphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl group optionally substituted with hydroxy, lower alkoxy or di(lower)alkylamino, {circle around (5)} an unsaturated mono-cyclic heterocyclic group containing N, O and/or S substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or tetrahydroquinolyl, {circle around (6)} an unsaturated or partially saturated condensed heterocyclic group containing N, O and/or S, optionally substituted with oxo, carboxy, amino, lower alkyl, etc.; X is a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group; Y is oxygen atom or nitrogen atom; l is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1 or 2; n is an integer of 0-5.

Abstract: 1. An aromatic amino acid derivative represented by the formula (I) or its pharmacologically acceptable salt: wherein, R1 is a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group, R2 is a halogen atom or an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group, R3 is {circle over (1)} a hydrogen atom, {circle over (2)} an aroylamino group, {circle over (3)} a phenyl group substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, etc. {circle over (4)} a naphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl group optionally substituted with hydroxy, lower alkoxy or di(lower)alkylamino, {circle over (5)} an unsaturated mono-cyclic heterocyclic group containing N, O and/or S substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or tetrahydroquinolyl, {circle over (6)} an unsaturated or partially saturated condensed heterocyclic group containing N, O and/or S, optionally substituted with oxo, carboxy, amino, lower alkyl, etc.; X is a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group; Y is oxygen atom or nitrogen atom; I is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1 or 2; n is an integer of 0-5.

Abstract: In a pattern forming method, a trench is formed on a flat base. A pattern material is arranged only in and around the trench so as to project upward from the surface of the base and to be larger than the opening of the trench. The pattern material projecting from the surface of the base is removed by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) so as to be flush with the upper surface of the base.

Abstract: In a pattern forming method, a trench is formed on a flat base. A pattern material is arranged only in and around the trench so as to project upward from the surface of the base and to be larger than the opening of the trench. The pattern material projecting from the surface of the base is removed by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) so as to be flush with the upper surface of the base.

Abstract: A propiophenone derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein OX is a hydroxy group which may optionally be protected, Y is a lower alkyl group, and Z is a .beta.-D-glucopyranosyl group wherein one or more hydroxy groups may optionally be protected, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Said compounds have excellent hypoglycemic activity so that they are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: A propiophenone derivative the formula ?I!: ##STR1## wherein R' is a lower alkanoyl group and R" is a hydrogen atom, or R' is a hydrogen atom and R" is a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Said compounds have excellent hypoglycemic activity so that they are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hair-growing (restoration) agent which comprises a carnitine compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 represents an aliphatic acyl group having 3 to 31 carbon atoms which may be substituted; R.sup.5 represents an alkyl group having 3 to 31 carbon atoms which may be substituted, or an alkenyl group having 3 to 31 carbon atoms which may be substituted; and X.sup.- represents an anion of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid,as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A cake removing apparatus for use in a filter press has mounted on a movable frame of the press a pair of front and rear arms having main and auxiliary fabric beating members, means for pivotally moving the arms, and a a lift mechanism for the arms and the arm moving means. When the filter plates are retracted one by one for opening to remove a cake after filtration, the main and auxiliary fabric beating members are positioned above and at the respective front and rear outer sides of opposed filter fabrics as pulled out approximately to an inverted V shape between two opened adjacent filter plates. The arms are opened and closed at a lowered position, causing the main and auxiliary beating members to directly beat the opposed fabrics on the rear surfaces thereof opposite to their cake adhering surfaces to shake the fabrics.

Abstract: A selected chemical vapor deposition method includes the steps of arranging a substrate having a silicon surface and an insulator surface in a reaction chamber, supplying a gas consisting of a silicon hydride in said reaction chamber to reduce and remove a native oxide film on said silicon surface by said gas, and supplying a source gas in said reaction chamber to selectively form a film on only said silicon surface.

Abstract: A time division multiplex data transmission system. A particular time slot among those for data transmission is placed with alternation of different data modes such as "1" and "0" in a commanding station destined for issuing commands. The alternation of data modes is supplied to receiver stations together with other data. When alternation of data modes is detected at the particular time slot in the receiver station, the reception of one command signal from the commanding station is confirmed, while detection of disappearance of the alternation of data modes indicates other command. Since a fault in the data transmission system results in generation of a fixed data mode or level such as "1" or alternatively "0", the alternation of data modes and disappearance thereof can define the commands discriminatively from the state brought about by the fault. Fail-safe feature can thus be realized.

Abstract: The invention discloses a data transmission network having a plurality of data transmission stations connected through a loop-like transmission line for mutual data transmission, wherein a plurality of data frames, each having data packets allocated to the respective stations, are circulated through the transmission line simultaneously, and each station is arranged to send out the data frame to the transmission line immediately after renewing the data of the data packet allocated to that station in the received data frame, and to process the data of the received data frame to be used for the associated equipment after sending out the data frame.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising as flame retardant 3 to 50% by weight of a reaction product of a polyguanamine compound and a cyanuric or isocyanuric acid compound has excellent flame retardancy, excellent physical properties and excellent molding characteristics (no mold deposit nor bleed out).

Abstract: In a power converter system wherein each thyristor of a three-phase full-wave bridge circuit having thyristors connected in all of bridge arms is fired for its controlling to thereby control the dc output voltage, when the dc output voltage is low, the firing angle of a group of thyristors on the negative side is fixed to a large value and the firing angle of a group of thyristors on the positive side is rendered variable within a small range so that a period may occur through which two thyristors connected in series in the full-wave bridge circuit are fired simultaneously. When the dc output voltage is high, the firing angles of groups of thyristors on both the positive and negative sides are made equal to each other and varied simultaneously. The system improves power factor and form factor over the entire controlling range of the dc output voltage.

Abstract: A pattern to be examined is scanned to produce binary information of divisional regions of the pattern corresponding to the picture elements of respective scanning lines as parallel information. The parallel information regarding the shape and position of the pattern is concurrently examined under two modes. The second mode includes examination of the vertical edge and the horizontal edge, examination of the vertical and horizontal edges by compensating the deviation of mask setting in the horizontal direction, and examination of the vertical and horizontal edges by compensating the deviation of mask setting in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising as flame retardant 3 to 50% by weight of a reaction product of a polyguanamine compound and a cyanuric or isocyanuric acid compound has excellent flame retardancy, excellent physical properties and excellent molding characteristics (no mold deposit nor bleed out).

Abstract: An oral composition effective in the prevention of tooth decay is prepared by combining dextranase and gelatin or peptone in a nontoxic vehicle.