Abstract: A process for producing a cyanobenzoic acid compound, a cyanobenzamide compound, an alkyl cyanobenzoate compound, and a cyanobenzoyl chloride compound, which are useful intermediates for a variety of chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, liquid crystals, and monomers for functional polymers. One nitrile group of an easily available phthalonitrile compound is selectively hydrolyzed to thereby produce a cyanobenzamide compound with high selectivity and yield. The cyanobenzamide compound thus-produced is transformed under acidic conditions into a cyanobenzoic acid compound and a cyanobenzoate ester compound without the cyano group of the benzene ring being damaged.

Abstract: Noble metal, particularly ruthenium, Raney catalysts which can hydrogenate (1) aromaticity-exhibiting ring portions of organic compounds, (2) carboxylic acids and their ester portions (carbonyl ester groups), (3) ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester groups in compounds having such ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester portions, and (4) ring portions and nitrile groups of aromatic nitrile compounds and methods for the preparation of corresponding hydrogenated compounds. The methods allow preparation of hydrogenated compounds having hydrogenated aromatic ring portions, hydrogenated carbonyl ester groups, hydrogenated aromatic ring and carbonyl ester groups, or hydrogenated aromatic rings and nitrile groups under milder hydrogen pressure and temperature conditions than the conventional catalysts.

Abstract: Noble metal, particularly ruthenium, Raney catalysts which can hydrogenate (1) aromaticity-exhibiting ring portions of organic compounds, (2) carboxylic acids and their ester portions (carbonyl ester groups), (3) ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester groups in compounds having such ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester portions, and (4) ring portions and nitrile groups of aromatic nitrile compounds and methods for the preparation of corresponding hydrogenated compounds. The methods allow preparation of hydrogenated compounds having hydrogenated aromatic ring portions, hydrogenated carbonyl ester groups, hydrogenated aromatic ring and carbonyl ester groups, or hydrogenated aromatic rings and nitrile groups under milder hydrogen pressure and temperature conditions than the conventional catalysts.

Abstract: Noble metal, particularly ruthenium, Raney catalysts having the property of catalyzing the hydrogenation of (1) aromaticity-exhibiting ring portions of organic compounds, (2) carboxylic acids and their ester portions (carbonyl ester groups), (3) ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester groups in compounds having such ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester portions, and (4) ring portions and nitrile groups of aromatic nitrile compounds and methods for the preparation of corresponding hydrogenated compounds. The methods allow preparation of hydrogenated compounds having hydrogenated aromatic ring portions, hydrogenated carbonyl ester groups, hydrogenated aromatic ring and carbonyl ester groups, or hydrogenated aromatic rings and nitrile groups under milder hydrogen pressure and temperature conditions than the conventional catalysts.

Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol is disclosed, which comprises reacting allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium compound and a diphosphine compound represented by formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to an ointment comprising a homogeneous mixture of polymer or copolymer of N-vinylacetamide, as an essential component, water and/or alcohols, and a pharmacologically active component. The ointment may be coated or plastered onto the skin or mucosa of a human being or animal in order to effect a therapeutic response.

Abstract: A (co)polymer suitable for bases or auxiliary agents for external application (for example, hydrophilic gels, adhesives, thickeners or excipients) to be coated or plastered onto the skin or mucosa of a human being or animal, such as ointment agents (ointment, hydrogel, jelly or cream), plastering agents (molded poultice, tape agent or plaster agent), sticky bandages (sticky bandage, strap, wound strap, surgical tape, taping material, supporter), and to preparations for external application containing same.

Abstract: A (co)polymer suitable for bases or auxiliary agents for external application (for example, hydrophilic gels, adhesives, thickeners or excipients) to be coated or plastered onto the skin or mucosa of a human being or animal, such as ointment agents (ointment, hydrogel, jelly or cream), plastering agents (molded poultice, tape agent or plaster agent), sticky bandages (sticky bandage, strap, wound strap, surgical tape, taping material, supporter), and to preparations for external application containing same.

Abstract: An allyl ester oligomer composition having a viscosity of 200 to 50,000 cP at 30.degree. C. and a refractive index of 1.50 to 1.57 at 30.degree. C., which is formed by mixing (a) 20 to 90% by weight of an allyl ester oligomer, (b) 10 to 80% by weight of at least one polyvalent allyl ester monomer selected from the group consisting of diallyl phthalate, diallyl isophthalate, diallyl terephthalate, diallyl adipate, triallyl (iso)cyanurate and triallyl trimellitate, and (c) up to 40% by weight of at least one monofunctional polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl benzoate, allyl benzoate, phenyl (meth)acrylate and benzyl (meth)acrylate.

Abstract: A diallyl terephthalate prepolymer consisting essentially of diallyl terephthalate monomer units, having(a) 10 or less of the monomer units in the carbon-carbon bonded molecular chain portion which is composed of the allyl groups of the monomer units, and either(b) an unsaturation in a range of from 40 to 70, as represented by an iodine value determined by the Wijs method,(c) a number-average molecular weight in a range of from 6,000 to 10,000 as polystyrene, and a weight-average molecular weight in a range of from 10,000 to 70,000 as polystyrene, both being determined by gel permeation chromatography, and(d) a melt viscosity in a range of from 30,000 to 90,000 CP at 170.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an N-(.alpha.-alkoxyethyl)carboxylic acid amide represented by the following formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a benzyl group or an aryl group, and R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group,which comprises reacting an ethylidene-bisamide represented by the following formula [II]:CH.sub.3 CH(NHCOR).sub.2 [II]wherein R stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a benzyl group or an aryl group,with an alkanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. According to this process, a high-purity N-(.alpha.-alkoxyethyl)carboxylic acid amide, which is valuable as an intermediate for the production of an N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide and the like, can be easily prepared from cheap and easily available starting materials.

Abstract: A diallyl terephthalate prepolymer is here disclosed which essentially has the following structureCH.sub.2 .dbd.CHCH.sub.2 O(COArCOOBO).sub.n COArCOOCH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2wherein B is a divalent organic residue derived from a diol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, Ar is a 1,4-phenylene group, and n is a value of 1 to 100, and having an unsaturation in a range of 20 to 100, as represented by an iodine value determine by the Wijs method, and there is also disclosed a method for preparing the diallyl terephthalate prepolymer.The method of the present invention permits obtaining the allyl prepolymer having excellent physical properties from inexpensive raw materials with less labor.Since this prepolymer has a double bond suitably, it can be mixed with unsaturated polyester resin or diallyl phthalate resin, when used. Moreover, the prepolymer can be also used as a crosslinking agent for EPR, elaslene, synthetic rubber and the like.

Abstract: A monoalkylene glycol monoether is produced with good efficiency and commercial advantage by reacting an alkylene oxide with an alcohol in the presence of a solid catalyst resulting from the exchange of exchangeable cations of a montmorillonite clay with a cation of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Sn or Th.

Abstract: Ethyl acetate and an excess of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether are subjected to ester-interchange reaction at a temperature not exceeding 100.degree. C. in the presence of a strongly acidic cation exchange resin as a catalyst. The resulting reaction mixture is distilled to recover the ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate formed. The unchanged reactants are recycled to the reaction zone for re-use, and the by-product ethanol is recovered in a highly pure form. This method can be continuously performed easily and effectively without the need to separate the catalyst or to employ complex distilling steps and without involving other difficulties.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3-cyanopyridine by the ammoxidation of 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine which comprises reacting 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine with ammonia and oxygen in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature, using a specific catalyst consisting of a low-area carrier on which has been deposited vanadium oxide and other specific metal oxides, the reaction being carried out in the copresence of steam.

Abstract: A method for the production of nicotinamide or isonicotinamide by catalytically hydrating 3- or 4-cyanopyridine which is characterized in that the hydration reaction is carried out in the presence of a nickel oxide/iron oxide combined catalyst.