Abstract: A photon counting radiation detector includes a cell structure including a substrate and an epitaxial layer provided on the substrate, radiation being incident on the epitaxial layer; an inclination ? of the substrate being set in a predetermined range, where tsub is a thickness of the substrate, tepi is a thickness of the epitaxial layer, L is a length of the substrate, and the inclination ? is an inclination of the substrate with respect to an incident direction of the radiation. The epitaxial layer is preferably one type selected from SiC, Ga2O3, GaAs, GaN, diamond, and CdTe. Such a photon counting radiation detector is preferably a direct converting type.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a light emitting apparatus and a host apparatus. The light emitting apparatus includes a housing extending in a first direction, a light emitting device mounted in the housing, an optical connector including a first optical connection part provided at one end of the housing, and an electrical connector including a first electrical connection part provided at one end of the housing and receiving a voltage to drive the light emitting device. The host apparatus includes a host optical connector including a second optical connection part which faces the first optical connection part and is optically coupled thereto, a host electrical connector including a second electrical connection part facing the first electrical connection part and being electrically connected to the first electrical connection part, and a host board mounting the host optical connector and the host electrical connector thereon.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders, a fuel injection valve for supplying a fuel to each cylinder, an EGR passage connecting an exhaust passage and an intake passage, and an EGR valve adjusting a flow rate of exhaust flowing into the intake passage from the exhaust passage via the EGR passage, the controller includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to execute determination processing for determining that a degree of an imbalance abnormality is larger when a torque fluctuation amount is relatively large than when the torque fluctuation amount is relatively small.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders, a fuel injection valve for supplying a fuel to each cylinder, an EGR passage connecting an exhaust passage and an intake passage, and an EGR valve adjusting a flow rate of exhaust flowing into the intake passage from the exhaust passage via the EGR passage, the controller includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to execute determination processing for determining that a degree of an imbalance abnormality is larger when a torque fluctuation amount is relatively large than when the torque fluctuation amount is relatively small.