Abstract: A method includes forming a transistor, which includes forming a dummy gate stack over a semiconductor region, and forming an Inter-Layer Dielectric (ILD). The dummy gate stack is in the ILD, and the ILD covers a source/drain region in the semiconductor region. The method further includes removing the dummy gate stack to form a trench in the first ILD, forming a low-k gate spacer in the trench, forming a replacement gate dielectric extending into the trench, forming a metal layer to fill the trench, and performing a planarization to remove excess portions of the replacement gate dielectric and the metal layer to form a gate dielectric and a metal gate, respectively. A source region and a drain region are then formed on opposite sides of the metal gate.

Abstract: An aspect of the disclosure includes a method for adjusting a multicast broadcast service area. According to an exemplary embodiment, the method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps. A cell list in a session update request message is obtained. An old broadcast target area for a multicast broadcast service is adjusted to a new broadcast target area for the multicast broadcast service according to the cell list. At least one base station is controlled to allocate or release radio spectrum resources for the multicast broadcast service.

Abstract: A Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite system is provided. The LEO satellite system includes a plurality of user equipment (UEs), a plurality of LEO satellites, and a ground station. The ground station obtains the required resources of each UE and the remaining resources of each LEO satellite. Based on the required resource of each UE and the remaining resource of each LEO satellite, the ground station determines to perform a handover to at least one UE of the plurality of UEs.

Abstract: An aspect of the disclosure includes a method for adjusting a multicast broadcast service area. According to an exemplary embodiment, the method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps. A cell list in a session update request message is obtained. An old broadcast target area for a multicast broadcast service is adjusted to a new broadcast target area for the multicast broadcast service according to the cell list. At least one base station is controlled to allocate or release radio spectrum resources for the multicast broadcast service.

Abstract: An application service server, a region-based information processing method, and user equipment are provided. In the method, an initial message is received, identification information is determined according to the location information of the initial message, and a preprocessed message is generated. The initial message includes a notification content corresponding to the location information, and the location information is defined by a geographic coordinate system. The identification information is provided by a geographic information service. The preprocessed message includes the notification content and the identification information.

Abstract: A vehicle information distributing method is provided, including: receiving a plurality of first vehicle information from a first base station to determine a first service area; receiving a plurality of second vehicle information from a second base station to determine a second service area; calculating a forwarding area based on a distance or an intersection between the first service area and the second service area; transferring the first vehicle information within the forwarding area to the second base station, and transferring the second vehicle information within the forwarding area to the first base station; and broadcasting, by the first base station, the second vehicle information from the forwarding area, and broadcasting, by the second base station, the first vehicle information from the forwarding area.

Abstract: An application service server, a region-based information processing method, and user equipment are provided. In the method, an initial message is received, identification information is determined according to the location information of the initial message, and a preprocessed message is generated. The initial message includes a notification content corresponding to the location information, and the location information is defined by a geographic coordinate system. The identification information is provided by a geographic information service. The preprocessed message includes the notification content and the identification information.

Abstract: Provided are a broadcast multicast service center and a method applicable to a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) broadcast service management. The method includes: monitoring a service connection of a V2X between an application server and user equipment to generate a resource merging instruction when the service connection has no network traffic; searching for other service resources that are currently being executed and can share a service according to the resource merging instruction; analyzing the other service resources and the service connection through quality of service parameter screening and a broadcast service area comparison to determine a selected service resource from the other service resources; and adjusting a scheduling period of the service connection to be smaller than a scheduling period of the selected service resource to enable subsequent network traffic packets of the service connection to share network traffic of the selected service resource.

Abstract: Provided are a broadcast multicast service center and a method applicable to a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) broadcast service management. The method includes: monitoring a service connection of a V2X between an application server and user equipment to generate a resource merging instruction when the service connection has no network traffic; searching for other service resources that are currently being executed and can share a service according to the resource merging instruction; analyzing the other service resources and the service connection through quality of service parameter screening and a broadcast service area comparison to determine a selected service resource from the other service resources; and adjusting a scheduling period of the service connection to be smaller than a scheduling period of the selected service resource to enable subsequent network traffic packets of the service connection to share network traffic of the selected service resource.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of a mobile node applied to a roadside unit (RSU) is provided. The RSU and a plurality of mobile nodes form a communication network of a road. The method includes the steps of: obtaining, by, via at least one sensor, first road information, wherein the first road information provides absolute position distribution information associated with the mobile nodes; receiving, by a communication device, second road information from a first mobile node of the mobile nodes, wherein the second road information provides relative position distribution information associated with the first mobile node and second mobile nodes adjacent to the first mobile node; and determining, by a comparison device, the position of the first mobile node on the road according to the first road information and the second road information.

Abstract: A vehicle information distributing method is provided, including: receiving a plurality of first vehicle information from a first base station to determine a first service area; receiving a plurality of second vehicle information from a second base station to determine a second service area; calculating a forwarding area based on a distance or an intersection between the first service area and the second service area; transferring the first vehicle information within the forwarding area to the second base station, and transferring the second vehicle information within the forwarding area to the first base station; and broadcasting, by the first base station, the second vehicle information from the forwarding area, and broadcasting, by the second base station, the first vehicle information from the forwarding area.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of a mobile node applied to a roadside unit (RSU) is provided. The RSU and a plurality of mobile nodes form a communication network of a road. The method includes the steps of: obtaining, by, via at least one sensor, first road information, wherein the first road information provides absolute position distribution information associated with the mobile nodes; receiving, by a communication device, second road information from a first mobile node of the mobile nodes, wherein the second road information provides relative position distribution information associated with the first mobile node and second mobile nodes adjacent to the first mobile node; and determining, by a comparison device, the position of the first mobile node on the road according to the first road information and the second road information.

Abstract: A vehicle network transmission method and a vehicle network transmission system are provided. The vehicle network transmission method comprises the following steps. A first transmission device transmits a data signal to a second transmission device. It is determined whether the second transmission device is located in a target area. If the second transmission device is located in the target area, then a geographic location of the first transmission device is retrieved and a transmission region of the first transmission device is calculated. It is determined whether all of the third transmission devices adjacent to the second transmission device in the target area are located in the transmission region. If all of the third transmission devices adjacent to the second transmission device in the target area are located in the transmission region, then the second transmission device does not continue forwarding the data signal.

Abstract: A vehicle network transmission method and a vehicle network transmission system are provided. The vehicle network transmission method comprises the following steps. A first transmission device transmits a data signal to a second transmission device. It is determined whether the second transmission device is located in a target area. If the second transmission device is located in the target area, then a geographic location of the first transmission device is retrieved and a transmission region of the first transmission device is calculated. It is determined whether all of the third transmission devices adjacent to the second transmission device in the target area are located in the transmission region. If all of the third transmission devices adjacent to the second transmission device in the target area are located in the transmission region, then the second transmission device does not continue forwarding the data signal.