Abstract: A device is described in which the shape of a resistive heater material is configured to provide rapid and strong heating of a small area. The resistive heating material is heated unevenly while efficiently using power.

Abstract: A CNT heater is described comprising, in sequence, a first substrate, an adhesive layer, a protective layer, a CNT network layer, and a second substrate. Resistive heating is generated when a current passes through the CNT layer. The system has been found to provide improved stability and stability.

Abstract: The concept of the present invention describes configurations to provide uniform heat distribution of resistive heaters. This configuration allows successful anti-icing and deicing with relatively low applied power. One aspect involves the use of a thin film heater applied just underneath the topcoat to efficiently direct all heat to the surface, allowing anti-icing and de-icing with minimal power. This can be accomplished by employing a hybrid electrode interface, using a metal foil or metal braid that is attached to the aircraft surface with a structural adhesive that has been smoothed along the edges with metal-filled adhesive. Another aspect of the present invention uses an array of heater cells created as a single sheet and a heat spreading material, provided underneath or overtop of the heater cells.

Abstract: Configurations are described that provide uniform heat distribution of resistive heaters. These configurations allow successful anti-icing and deicing with relatively low applied power. One aspect involves the use of a thin film heater applied just underneath the topcoat to efficiently direct all heat to the surface, allowing anti-icing and de-icing with minimal power. This can be accomplished by employing a hybrid electrode interface, using a metal foil or metal braid that is attached to the aircraft surface with a structural adhesive that has been smoothed along the edges with metal-filled adhesive. Another aspect uses an array of heater cells created as a single sheet and a heat spreading material, provided underneath or overtop of the heater cells.

Abstract: A device is described in which the shape of a resistive heater material is configured to provide rapid and strong heating of a small area. The resistive heating material is heated unevenly while efficiently using power.

Abstract: The concept of the present invention describes configurations to provide uniform heat distribution of resistive heaters. This configuration allows successful anti-icing and deicing with relatively low applied power. One aspect involves the use of a thin film heater applied just underneath the topcoat to efficiently direct all heat to the surface, allowing anti-icing and de-icing with minimal power. This can be accomplished by employing a hybrid electrode interface, using a metal foil or metal braid that is attached to the aircraft surface with a structural adhesive that has been smoothed along the edges with metal-filled adhesive. Another aspect of the present invention uses an array of heater cells created as a single sheet and a heat spreading material, provided underneath or overtop of the heater cells.