Abstract: A device for determining the deviation of a target provided with a retrorector from a predetermined location in three spatial directions has a laser and a quadrant detector arranged next to it, which can be displaced jointly in the three spatial directions X, Y, Z. In this arrangement, the Z-setting is readjusted with the aid of a range measurement, so that the target is optimally illuminated. On the basis of the signal in the quadrant detector a displacement in the X-direction and Y-direction is effected in order to obtain a zero signal from the quadrant detector. The readjustments in the three directions are a measure of the deviation which can be displayed on a display via control electronics.

Abstract: The arrangement for firing simulation and battle simulation, for reflecting mages generated by means of a computer (12) into the beam path (15) of a sighting device which has a cathode-ray tube (5, 6) for producing the images, is designed in such a way that it can be used even in widely varying external brightness. For this purpose, the cathode-ray tube (5, 6) emits essentially monochromatic light, while a narrow-band absorption filter (16) for the wavelength of the cathode-ray tube (5, 6) is located in the beam path (15) of the sight outside the beam path of the generated images.

Abstract: In the measurement system for the measurement of an object (2), the object 2) is provided with two retro-reflectors (3, 4) disposed at a known spacing. A measuring device (1) exhibits a light source (5), a video camera (7, 8) and an arrangement (9) which carries out the measurement with reference to the two image points which are formed by the light reflected by the retroreflectors (3, 4). The light source (5) is preferably a flash light source, the flashes of which are synchronized by an arrangement (6) with the imaging sequence of the video camera (7, 8).

Abstract: The landing approach aid for aircraft exhibits, on the one hand, triple mors (4,6) on the landing field. On the other hand, the aircraft (1) is provided with a spotlight, a television camera in the vicinity of the spotlight (at 3) and a device for displaying and/or evaluating the recorded television images. (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The device for practicing the aiming of a firearm at a target (5), which ice comprises an optical aiming system for a light beam (11,12,13), more particularly a laser beam, directed at the target, at least one retro reflector (6) which is intended to reflect the light and which is fitted to the target (5), and arrangements for the observation of the reflected light, is characterized in that it comprises several different groups (1,2,3) of retro reflectors (6).

Abstract: The arrangement for the transmission of laser light (9) exhibits a laser tter (1) and a receiver (2) for the laser light (9). In order that it should be possible to establish if the optical system (6) of the receiver (2) becomes dirty or an obstruction passes in front of this optical system, the laser receiver (2) is provided with a reference light source (12) disposed after the optical system (6). If the objective (6) becomes dirty or if an obstruction passes in front of the same, light from the reference light source (12) is scattered into the detector (7), so that an alarm indication can be given by a warning circuit (14).

Abstract: A method for the laser-optical measurement of cooperative objects at an urtain distance by emission of a laser beam and evaluation of the echo reflected at the object, more especially for simulation of firing for practice purposes. In order to be able to adapt the size of the beam cross-section to the target conditions within limited distance ranges, within a coherent measurement process a plurality of similar individual measurements are undertaken with differing beam divergences, which are associated in each instance with differing distance ranges. If echos which come from a distance substantially greater than the distance associated with the set divergence are received, then these are excluded from the evaluation.

Abstract: The arrangement for shot simulation with a shot simulator and at least one arget is characterized in that the target has a device for emitting light of a wavelength outside the visible wavelength range and the shot simulator has a receiving device for the light. The shot simulator also possesses a device for measuring the period of time between the detection of the target as a result of the emitted light and the firing of a simulated shot. By means of this arrangement, the reaction time required by the gunner between the detection of the target, the identification of the latter and the firing of a shot and a hit can be measured effectively.

Abstract: Method and firing simulator for practicing aiming with the use of a laser firing simulator and of a retroreflector on the target side, as well as a simulator for carrying out this method. On triggering of the simulated firing, the target distance, the velocity of the target relative to the line of sight and the aiming-off allowance are measured, and the position of the hit is computed therefrom after the elapse of the projectile flight time.

Abstract: Device for practicing aiming with a firearm at a target, which device inces an optical sighting system and an arrangement for the determination of the simulated hit position in relation to the target position. In order to achieve a direct comparison with the image of the target perceived in the optical sighting system and the point of impact, it is provided that the hit position is displayed in the optical sighting system. For this purpose, the target is recorded by a TV camera, and a corresponding monitor image is reflected into the optical sighting system.

Abstract: In a system for the transmission of information between an inquiry station nd a response station by means of optical radiation from the inquiry station an outgoing signal is transmitted and subjected to a modulation partially in fixed frequency and partially with information code and by the response station on the one hand is received and evaluated and on the other reflected back as return signal and subjected to a modulation. The enabling of the return reflection is controlled in dependence upon the evaluation of an identification contained in the outgoing signal.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for combat simulation, in which each weapon carrying ombat participant has a laser transmitter, an optical measurement receiver, and an analyzer, and each target object combat participant has reflector elements, an optical information receiver and a device for evaluating the optical information. When firing is simulated, the target is tracked with laser pulses which are transmitted by the laser transmitter and reflected by the reflector elements back to the measurement receiver. The hit accuracy information is optically coded and sent back to the target. According to this invention, optical signals or beams for target tracking and for information transmission are spatially separated from each other by distributing the reflector elements in the vulnerable area of the target, but locating the optical information receiver separately, preferably in an exposed location. The reflector elements may be inexpensive disposable elements.

Abstract: A sabot projectile guide with a rear sabot intended for resting in a leakoof manner against a smooth gun barrel, and with a front encircling guide collar intended for interacting with the barrel in a guiding manner, and with an encircling cavity enclosed essentially in a leak-proof manner between the sabot and the collar and the barrel. The tube friction, together with the tube damage arising from this, is reduced, centering of the projectile is improved and its scattering is reduced, because the periphery of the guide collar is designed as a dynamic gas bearing which has a ram zone open towards the front and a support gap connected to the cavity towards the rear. The cavity between sabot and the guide collar is closed off essentially in a leak-proof manner, apart from the gas bearing, so that during the interior ballistic phase a differential pressure sufficient for the functioning of the gas bearing is preserved between the ram side and the cavity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna for use in transmitting and/or receiving both optical, including infrared, and high-frequency electro-magnetic radiation. The antenna is comprised of a hollow conductor in the interior of which is arranged a light conductor as a dielectric. Arranged in the wall of the hollow conductor is at least one slot which acts as an input and/or output coupling opening for the hollow conductor and as an inlet and/or outlet window for optical radiation. Also disclosed is an antenna assembly unit consisting of a plurality of the individual antennas arranged to give omni-directional capabilities for receiving and transmitting of optical and high-frequency electro-magnetic radiation.

Abstract: A camouflage launching device for launching camouflaging means into an azth sector of an incoming transmission beam, having a launching rotor with a plurality of camouflage launching devices and motor driven for being rotated about a vertical axis, to place the rotor in a ready status, a stator with an antenna for receiving an incoming transmission beam from any azimuth, and a plurality of angularly spaced fire transmitters cooperating with fire receivers of the rotor for firing camouflage projectiles from the launching devices into a selective azimuth sector for laying a camouflage within the sector against an incoming projectile.

Abstract: A device for receiving and reflecting light beams includes a central processing unit for analyzing a first portion of a received light beam, at least one reception unit for receiving the light beam and reflecting a second portion of the light beam, and an optical conductor disposed between each reception unit and the central processing unit for transmitting the first portion of the received beam to the central processing unit. An optical element is positioned between the reception unit and the optical conductor for converging the light transmitted through the conductor. The central processing unit may also include a directional scanner which will calculate the direction of travel of the incident light beam. The device may also include at least one light source which is adapted to emit an optical response signal.

Abstract: A variable optical transmitter includes a light emitting element which prcts a very compact beam of light. The transmitter is constructed to be adjustable so that the light beam may be transmitted at any desired azimuth angle around a vertical axis. By directing the light beam vertically toward a fixed reflector, projection of the beam in any desired horizontal direction may be achieved by a very slight deflection of the beam source from the vertical. The apparatus may also include a receiving portion which will detect the direction of receipt of an incoming light beam. The device may thus be used to transmit a light beam precisely in the direction from which a signal was received.

Abstract: A receiver-transmitter system having a retro-reflector for reflecting an encoded input laser beam back toward the source thereof, an electro-optical mask for selectively masking the retro-reflector, and a mask control system operable by an input beam sensor for unmasking the retro-reflector if the input beam has a predetermined encoded input and for pulse modulation of the reflected beam with the electro-optical mask for transmitting data back to the input beam source.

Abstract: An integrated attaching and aligning apparatus for mounting a laser shot simulator or the like in gun barrels of different calibers with a barrel member of two coaxial sections which slides into the gun barrel. A first resilient ring is removably mounted about the first section at one end for engaging and centering the barrel member in the gun barrel. A second resilient ring is removably mounted on an inside barrel between the two sections at the other end of the barrel member so that axial force applied to the second ring by the second section deforms the second ring against the gun barrel to center the barrel member in the other end. A laser source receiver and lens are adjustably mounted within the barrel member.

Abstract: A system for transmitting light signals between a missile and a missile control launching site is provided by utilizing a laser beam light signal transmission path. The system comprises a laser emitter having a relatively broad transmission beam for producing a transmission path for the modulated light signals during the flight of the missile. The system obviates the need for light transmission lines or other physical connection between the missile and the control station and provides for continuously aiming the laser beam on the missile by means of a follow-up device responsive to a portion of the beam reflected from the missile. At least one crown of triple mirror reflectors is distributed about the axis of the missile to enable the missile to reflect the laser beam impinging thereon independently of the flight position of the missile. The laser beam is modulated to transmit control light signals from the control station and information light signals from the missile.