Abstract: A tool changer for machine tools having at least two tong-shaped grippers, the legs of which are formed for engaging with the ring groove at a broader end of a tool taper. The grippers are symmetrically mounted about the central axis of a carrier and are rotatable around the central axis with their legs pointing outward. The carrier is mounted on a support structure that has a drive for moving the carrier. In order to enable an earlier release of the tool taper from the collet chuck in the work spindle, and thus faster tool changes, at least one leg of the grippers is extended to form a protruding holding finger.

Abstract: A tool changer for machine tools having at least two tong-shaped grippers, the legs of which are formed for engaging with the ring groove at a broader end of a tool taper. The grippers are symmetrically mounted about the central axis of a carrier and are rotatable around the central axis with their legs pointing outward. The carrier is mounted on a support structure that has a drive for moving the carrier. In order to enable an earlier release of the tool taper from the collet chuck in the work spindle, and thus faster tool changes, at least one leg of the grippers is extended to form a protruding holding finger.

Abstract: The invention concerns a toothbrush with a bristle head or accessory unit which compensates for the brushing pressure and associated bending of the holder unit as well as hand movements. The toothbrush is characterized in that an O-ring or elastic shoe that is made either detached from or connected to the adjacent components is provided between the replaceable or fixed bristle unit and the holder unit. The bristle unit and holder unit are joined via a ball joint.

Abstract: A magazine is described which requires only a small surface area for its accommodation and which nevertheless holds a large number of tools. The magazine includes carrier units which are arranged in tower-like manner above one another and which are provided with a central cut-out and inwardly disposed tool mounts. This tower-like magazine is transportable and associated with a spatially fixed transport means which can be introduced into the central cut-out and which can transport the respective tools to a tool transfer position by short stroke and pivotal movements. Other magazine constructions are also described in the form of racks and towers.

Abstract: A tool changing system for chip forming machine tools is described which with a simple construction ensures a tool change both in conjunction with horizontal spindles and vertical spindles and also spindles which adopt intermediate positions, which minimizes the flight circle or disturbing circle and ensures short change times. This tool changing system includes a double grasper arrangement which is linearly movable by means of a transport device, which can execute pivotal movements over different angular ranges and which has grasper arms which are directed parallel to the pivot axle of the double grasper arrangement and are symmetrically displaced relative to one another in two perpendicular directions relative to the pivot axle, with each grasper arm being adjustable perpendicular to its longitudinal extent over a predeterminable stroke.

Abstract: A vessel for a molten substance for modifying the properties of objects of glass and similar materials, comprises an inner vessel and an outer vessel with an annular space defined therebetween, an elastic tongue connecting the inner vessel and the outer vessel, means in said space for guiding a heating gas including fins mounted on the inside of the outer vessel which also support the inner vessel and an upright web between the inner vessel and the outer vessel reinforcing the combined vessel structure and separating the hot gas guiding system into discrete sections on opposite sides of the web.

Abstract: For the continuous melting of salts to be used for modifying the properties of objects of glass or similar materials, an apparatus is provided with inner and outer vessels, an annular chamber between the vessels for containing a heat exchange fluid, ribs on the outer walls of the inner vessel for guiding the heat exchange fluid and assisting heat exchange from the heat exchange fluid to the inner vessel, means for transferring heat to the heat exchange fluid, means for circulating the heat exchange fluid through the chamber, means for admitting the salt to the inner vessel, the inner vessel having an upper portion of a semi-circular profile defining a radiant heating surface for radiating heat downwardly onto the salt and having a lower portion of approximately triangular to parabolic profile defining a conduction heating surface for transferring heat to the salt by conduction, the upper surface to be formed by the salt charged to the inner vessel defining a melting surface and the ratio of the area of the ra

Abstract: In combination with at least one vessel for containing a molten salt for chemically hardening or otherwise surface treating objects of glass or similar materials, a conveyor for transporting the objects through a treatment zone comprising at least one vessel for containing a molten salt, the conveyor comprising a plurality of driven sprocket wheels, a sprocket chain trained over the sprocket wheels, the objects so mounted on the sprocket chain as not to permit the objects substantially to change their orientation with a change in the orientation of the sprocket chain, the sprocket wheels and sprocket chain being so arranged that the objects are first carried downwardly into the vessel and are then carried upwardly out of the vessel with the opening of any depression or cavity in each of the objects facing downwardly during the upward movement.