Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions useful in reducing inflammation, reducing inflammatory exudates, enhancing epithelial tissue generation or regeneration, and/or reducing mean pulmonary artery pressure in the lungs of a subject in need thereof. In particular, the compositions comprise vitamin D, an analog, or metabolite thereof, and the methods include administering the composition to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the subject is suffering from an infection, such as a viral infection, which affects the lungs. In some embodiments, the viral infection comprises SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract: In an aspect of the present application, a composition for preventing or treating skin damage in skin of a mammalian subject in need thereof can include at least one autophagy promoter and at least one diuretic. The at least one autophagy promoter and the at least one diuretic, in combination, can each be present in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat the skin damage. In another aspect, the present application includes a method for preventing or treating skin damage in skin of a mammalian subject in need thereof whereby the composition can be administered to the subject in a therapeutically effective amount to prevent or treat the skin damage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions useful in reducing inflammation, reducing inflammatory exudates, enhancing epithelial tissue generation or regeneration, and/or reducing mean pulmonary artery pressure in the lungs of a subject in need thereof. In particular, the compositions comprise vitamin D, an analog, or metabolite thereof, and the methods include administering the composition to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the subject is suffering from an infection, such as a viral infection, which affects the lungs. In some embodiments, the viral infection comprises SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract: A method of treating or preventing skin damage in a subject in need thereof is described that includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an autophagy activator, such as vitamin D. The method can include administering doses of the autophagy activator that are substantially higher than those typically used.

Abstract: An autophagy activator, such as vitamin D, for use in a method of treating or preventing skin damage in a subject in need thereof is described, that includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of said activator. The method can include administering doses of the autophagy activator that are substantially higher than those typically used. Also disclosed are a method of monitoring the immunomodulatory effects of an autophagy activator on skin damage in a subject, and a method of correlating the dosage of oral administration of cholecalciferol in humans with the dosage of an intraperitoneal injection of 25(OH)D in mice.

Abstract: A method of generating a hyper iNOS expressing cell includes administering to a myeloid derived cell an amount of a PPAR? agonist and an IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway antagonist effective to substantially inhibit STAT3 activation in the cell and administering an inflammatory insult to the cell to stimulate hyper iNOS expression from the cell.

Abstract: A method of generating a hyper iNOS expressing cell includes administering to a myeloid derived cell an amount of a PPAR? agonist and an IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway antagonist effective to substantially inhibit STAT3 activation in the cell and administering an inflammatory insult to the cell to stimulate hyper iNOS expression from the cell.

Abstract: A method of generating a hyper iNOS expressing cell includes administering to a myeloid derived cell an amount of a PPAR? agonist and an IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway antagonist effective to substantially inhibit STAT3 activation in the cell and administering an inflammatory insult to the cell to stimulate hyper iNOS expression from the cell.

Abstract: A method of generating a hyper iNOS expressing cell includes administering to a myeloid derived cell an amount of a PPAR? agonist and an IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway antagonist effective to substantially inhibit STAT3 activation in the cell and administering an inflammatory insult to the cell to stimulate hyper iNOS expression from the cell.