Abstract: The propulsion system for the acceleration of projectiles is based on nitrocellulose and contains a crystalline energy carrier on a nitramine base and an inert plasticizing additive. The nitramine compound contains a structural element of the general chemical structure formula R—N—NO2, where R is a residual. The nitramine compound is present in a concentration in the range from 1 to 35% by weight, in particular in the range from 5 to 25% by weight. The nitramine compound is preferably RDX. The inert plasticizing additive is a water-insoluble polyoxo compound, if necessary in combination with a substance containing carboxyl groups. In layers near the surface an increased concentration can be present. The inert plasticizing additive is present in a concentration of 1 to 5% by weight.

Abstract: The propulsion system for the acceleration of projectiles is based on nitrocellulose and contains a crystalline energy carrier on a nitramine base and an inert plasticising additive. The nitramine compound contains a structural element of the general chemical structure formula R—N—NO2, where R is a residual. The nitramine compound is present in a concentration in the range from 1 to 35% by weight, in particular in the range from 5 to 25% by weight. The nitramine compound is preferably RDX. The inert plasticising additive is a water-insoluble polyoxo compound, if necessary in combination with a substance containing carboxyl groups. In layers near the surface an increased concentration can be present. The inert plasticising additive is present in a concentration of 1 to 5% by weight.

Abstract: The method for producing a propellant powder (TLP) with a layered grain structure starts with a green powder, which is impregnated in a watery emulsion with an energetic plasticizer and a polymeric deterrent. Propellant powders (TLP) can be produced in industrial quantities by avoiding the dangerous direct introduction of a blasting oil. The propellant powders (TLP) produced in this way have similar characteristics and a similar structure as the known propellant powders (TLP).

Abstract: The method for producing a propellant powder (TLP) with a layered grain structure starts with a green powder, which is impregnated in a watery emulsion with an energetic plasticizer and a polymeric deterrent. Propellant powders (TLP) can be produced in industrial quantities by avoiding the dangerous direct introduction of a blasting oil. The propellant powders (TLP) produced in this way have similar characteristics and a similar structure as the known propellant powders (TLP).

Abstract: The proposed propellant powder exhibits a temperature-independent burning behavior and high ballistic stability. The production process starts with a perforated bulk powder grain, which is processed inside a mixing apparatus with a solid material, a plug-stabilizing moderator or deterrent (if necessary also a radical initiator) and a low-viscous liquid. With a minimum amount of solid material, moderator or deterrent and liquid and because of the continuous mixing, the form function is influenced in such a way that the gas-formation rate is practically independent of the propellant powder temperature. As a result, the muzzle energy at the normal temperature and, above all, at a low deployment temperature can be increased markedly as compared to that of a standard propellant powder.

Abstract: The proposed propellant powder exhibits a temperature-independent burning behavior and high ballistic stability. The production process starts with a perforated bulk powder grain, which is processed inside a mixing apparatus with a solid material, a plug-stabilizing moderator or deterrent (if necessary also a radical initiator) and a low-viscous liquid. With a minimum amount of solid material, moderator or deterrent and liquid and because of the continuous mixing, the form function is influenced in such a way that the gas-formation rate is practically independent of the propellant powder temperature. As a result, the muzzle energy at the normal temperature and, above all, at a low deployment temperature can be increased markedly as compared to that of a standard propellant powder.

Abstract: The proposed propellant powder exhibits a temperature-independent burning behavior and high ballistic stability. The production process starts with a perforated bulk powder grain, which is processed inside a mixing apparatus with a solid material, a plug-stabilizing moderator or deterrent (if necessary also a radical initiator) and a low-viscous liquid. With a minimum amount of solid material, moderator or deterrent and liquid and because of the continuous mixing, the form function is influenced in such a way that the gas-formation rate is practically independent of the propellant powder temperature. As a result, the muzzle energy at the normal temperature and, above all, at a low deployment temperature can be increased markedly as compared to that of a standard propellant powder.

Abstract: The method for producing a propellant powder (TLP) with a layered grain structure starts with a green powder, which is impregnated in a watery emulsion with an energetic plasticizer and a polymeric deterrent. Propellant powders (TLP) can be produced in industrial quantities by avoiding the dangerous direct introduction of a blasting oil. The propellant powders (TLP) produced in this way have similar characteristics and a similar structure as the known propellant powders (TLP).

Abstract: An improved process for the production of aromatic trifluoromethyl compounds of the benzene series by conversion of the corresponding trichloromethyl compound with hydrogen fluoride. The aromatic trichloromethyl compound of the benzene series is converted in the presence of antimony pentachloride, which is a catalyst, in a quantity, related to the quantity of the trichloromethyl compound, of 200 to 700 ppm per trichloromethyl group in the trichloromethyl compound, with a stoichiometric quantity, or at most a 2 percent excess, of hydrogen fluoride. The conversion is conducted at a pressure of 20 to 45 atm., at a temperature of 60.degree. to 75.degree. C. and with intermixing which is characterized by a Reynolds number between 50,000 and 80,000. Yields of around 98 percent are achieved.

Abstract: The process of preparing benzotrifluoride which involves reacting benzotrichloride with hydrogen fluoride in a reaction zone at a pressure between 20 and 45 atm. and at a temperature between 85.degree. and 100.degree.C. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a mixture of aluminum chloride and activated charcoal. On a stoichiometric basis, the amount of hydrogen fluoride is 1.0 to 1.1 times the amount of the benzotrichloride. The benzotrichloride, catalyst and hydrogen fluoride are present as an admixture or intermixture having a Reynolds number between 65,000 and 100,000. The reaction can be conducted in a stirring vessel equipped with a stirring mechanism.