Abstract: A panoramic optical system includes optical means including one or more objective and relay optics to focus at least one image representing at least some portion of a substantially spherical field-of-view scene in focus to an imaging plane, housing means including support means to hold the optical means and mounting means that attaches the panoramic optical system to an adjacent camera.

Abstract: An improved panoramic image based virtual reality/telepresence audio-visual system and method includes panoramic three-dimensional input devices, a computer processor, and a panoramic audio-visual output device. In one embodiment of the system the input devices comprise a sensor assembly including a plurality of positionable radar, camera, and acoustical sensors for recording signatures of all sides of three-dimensional subjects simultaneously. The computer processor integrates the sensor signals, processes signals as a virtual model, updates the model based on participant interaction, and selects and distributes portions of the processed virtual model for presentation on display units and audio speakers. The processor includes participant interactive input devices for instantaneous interaction with the virtual model.

Abstract: A panoramic image based virtual reality display system includes a panoramic optical assembly, preferably of substantially spherical coverage, feeding composite optical images to a light sensitive surface of a video camera for storage or further processing in image processing circuitry. Such image processing circuitry includes a special effects generator and image segment circuitry to divide a composite image into a plurality of image segments or sub-segments for display on individual displays of multiple video display assemblies. Such a multiple video display assembly preferably includes a closed structure having individual display units mounted in all viewable directions therein, with segments of the composite image displayed on respective display units to recreate the panoramic view gathered by the panoramic optical assembly. The image processing circuitry may also select a portion or portions of the composite image for display on one or two displays of a head mounted display unit.

Abstract: A spherical projection system includes a spherical rear projection screen assembly of an extent such that a viewer sees projected images in any viewable direction, a plurality of image projectors which cooperate to project portions of a continuous panoramic scene onto all the viewable surfaces of the screen assembly, sets of mirrors to reflect the images onto associated areas of the screen assembly, and an opaque enclosure which houses the screen assembly, mirror sets, and image projectors. In one embodiment of the system, the screen assembly includes a truncated spherical portion which is sized to receive a viewer entirely within and which is closed by a planar rear projection screen which forms a floor to support the viewer. A separable section of the spherical screen portion is mounted on a track for sliding movement to allow entry and exit by the viewer. In another embodiment of the system, the spherical screen is sized to receive only the head and upper body of the viewer.