Abstract: Systems and methods for manufacturing a composite member. The system and methods are configured to move different types of composite plies from different supply stations. The composite plies are moved along a conveyance member and then with a transfer station to a forming tool. One or more forming members form the composite plies onto the forming tool.

Abstract: A composite forming apparatus includes an end effector, a forming feature that is coupled to the end effector, and a heating element that is coupled to the forming feature to heat the forming feature. The end effector moves the forming feature relative to a composite ply to form the composite ply over a forming tool or over a prior formed composite ply. The forming feature heats the composite ply via conduction.

Abstract: A system for making highly contoured composite stringers, including a flexible stringer assembly to support an uncured composite stringer; and a contoured mandrel to contour the uncured composite stringer into a highly contoured shape, wherein the contoured mandrel comprises one or more curvatures with a radius of 100 inches or less along at least one of an x, y, or z axis.

Abstract: A composite forming apparatus includes an end effector, a forming feature that is coupled to the end effector, and a heating element that is coupled to the forming feature to heat the forming feature. The end effector moves the forming feature relative to a composite ply to form the composite ply over a forming tool or over a prior formed composite ply. The forming feature heats the composite ply via conduction.

Abstract: A composite forming apparatus includes an end effector and a forming feature that is coupled to the end effector. The end effector moves the forming feature relative to a forming tool to form a composite ply over a forming surface of the forming tool or over previously formed composite material on the forming surface of the forming tool. The composite forming apparatus further includes a positioning member engaged with the forming feature. The engagement between the positioning member and the forming feature facilitates a position between the forming feature and the composite ply to promote uniform application of compaction force over the forming surface of the forming tool.

Abstract: A composite forming apparatus includes an end effector, a forming feature, and a non-contact heater. The forming feature is coupled to the end effector. The end effector moves the forming feature relative to a composite ply to form the composite ply over a forming tool or a prior formed composite ply. The non-contact heater heats to a portion of the composite ply before the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply.

Abstract: A method for forming a composite part includes positioning a composite ply over a forming surface of a forming tool, moving a forming feature into engagement with the composite ply to yield a formed ply, and, after the moving, securing the formed ply relative to the forming tool.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for manufacturing curved composite stringers. Such composite stringers may have in-plane and/or out-of-plane bends, which are formed while shaping composite charges. Specifically, a composite charge is shaped using a pallet, comprising a plurality of independent pallet portions, rotatably coupled to each other. A hat portion is formed when a part of this charge is conformed to a cavity in the pallet. The pallet portions are rotated relative to each other while forming the hat portion and/or when the hat portion already conforms to the cavity. In some examples, the die is bent together with the charge, when the pallet portions are rotated. This rotation produces one or more of in-plane and/or out-of-plane bends. In some examples, flange portions of the composite charge are positioned in a temporary orientation, e.g., to enable bending of the charge and reduce wrinkles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for manufacturing a composite member. The system and methods are configured to move different types of composite plies from different supply stations. The composite plies are moved along a conveyance member and then with a transfer station to a forming tool. One or more forming members form the composite plies onto the forming tool.

Abstract: Composite parts including hybrid plies, methods of forming the composite parts, and systems for forming the composite parts are disclosed herein. The composite parts include a plurality of plies of composite material. At least one ply is a hybrid ply. The hybrid ply is defined by a plurality of distinct ply tiles, and at least one distinct ply tile in the plurality of distinct ply tiles defines at least one ply tile property that differs from a corresponding ply tile property of at least one other distinct ply tile in the plurality of distinct ply tiles. The methods include selecting at least one distinct ply tile and positioning the at least one distinct ply tile. The methods also include selecting at least one other distinct ply tile and positioning the at least one other distinct ply tile. The systems include systems that define the composite parts and/or perform the methods.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for manufacturing curved composite stringers. Such composite stringers may have in-plane and/or out-of-plane bends, which are formed while shaping composite charges. Specifically, a composite charge is shaped using a pallet, comprising a plurality of independent pallet portions, rotatably coupled to each other. A hat portion is formed when a part of this charge is conformed to a cavity in the pallet. The pallet portions are rotated relative to each other while forming the hat portion and/or when the hat portion already conforms to the cavity. In some examples, the die is bent together with the charge, when the pallet portions are rotated. This rotation produces one or more of in-plane and/or out-of-plane bends. In some examples, flange portions of the composite charge are positioned in a temporary orientation, e.g., to enable bending of the charge and reduce wrinkles.

Abstract: A manufacturing system includes a plurality of lamination heads statically positioned in end-to-end relation to each other and defining a lamination station, and configured to dispense a layup material along a dispensing direction. The manufacturing system also includes a lamination surface movable underneath the lamination station. The lamination heads are configured to sequentially apply the layup material onto the lamination surface and onto previously applied layup material as the lamination surface passes through the lamination station to thereby form a composite laminate having a stack of composite plies arranged in a desired ply stacking sequence defined by positions of the lamination heads relative to each other within the lamination station.

Abstract: A system for making highly contoured composite stringers, including a flexible stringer assembly to support an uncured composite stringer; and a contoured mandrel to contour the uncured composite stringer into a highly contoured shape, wherein the contoured mandrel comprises one or more curvatures with a radius of 100 inches or less along at least one of an x, y, or z axis.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for performing an automated inspection operation across a surface of a workpiece is disclosed. The inspection apparatus may include a positioning apparatus, a platen fabricated from a magnetic material and having a platen surface, with the platen being mounted on the positioning apparatus and the positioning apparatus being operational to move the platen relative to the surface of the workpiece, and an inspection module disposed on the platen surface and having an inspection end effector. The inspection module may generate a magnetic field that biases the inspection module toward the platen, and may be operable to generate a magnetic flux to control movement of the inspection module over the platen surface to perform the automated inspection operation across the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A manufacturing system includes a plurality of lamination heads statically positioned in end-to-end relation to each other and defining a lamination station, and configured to dispense a layup material along a dispensing direction. The manufacturing system also includes a lamination surface movable underneath the lamination station. The lamination heads are configured to sequentially apply the layup material onto the lamination surface and onto previously applied layup material as the lamination surface passes through the lamination station to thereby form a composite laminate having a stack of composite plies arranged in a desired ply stacking sequence defined by positions of the lamination heads relative to each other within the lamination station.

Abstract: Composite parts including hybrid plies, methods of forming the composite parts, and systems for forming the composite parts are disclosed herein. The composite parts include a plurality of plies of composite material. At least one ply is a hybrid ply. The hybrid ply is defined by a plurality of distinct ply tiles, and at least one distinct ply tile in the plurality of distinct ply tiles defines at least one ply tile property that differs from a corresponding ply tile property of at least one other distinct ply tile in the plurality of distinct ply tiles. The methods include selecting at least one distinct ply tile and positioning the at least one distinct ply tile. The methods also include selecting a least one other distinct ply tile and positioning the at least one other distinct ply tile. The systems include systems that define the composite parts and/or perform the methods.

Abstract: A manufacturing system includes a plurality of lamination heads statically positioned in end-to-end relation to each other and defining a lamination station, and configured to dispense a layup material along a dispensing direction. The manufacturing system also includes a lamination surface movable underneath the lamination station. The lamination heads are configured to sequentially apply the layup material onto the lamination surface and onto previously applied layup material as the lamination surface passes through the lamination station to thereby form a composite laminate having a stack of composite plies arranged in a desired ply stacking sequence defined by positions of the lamination heads relative to each other within the lamination station. The manufacturing system further includes one or more trimming devices configured to trim the composite laminate.

Abstract: Testing of vacuum bags used in manufacturing of complex co-cure composite structures provides leak detection that allows an operator to identify leaks within a custom vacuum bag without further damaging the bag, such as by cutting vacuum ports into the bag. Such leak detection can allow the operator to find and repair the leak or, if not repairable or at a location of the bag for which repair is not feasible, take other corrective action.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for performing an automated inspection operation across a surface of a workpiece is disclosed. The inspection apparatus may include a positioning apparatus, a platen fabricated from a magnetic material and having a platen surface, with the platen being mounted on the positioning apparatus and the positioning apparatus being operational to move the platen relative to the surface of the workpiece, and an inspection module disposed on the platen surface and having an inspection end effector. The inspection module may generate a magnetic field that biases the inspection module toward the platen, and may be operable to generate a magnetic flux to control movement of the inspection module over the platen surface to perform the automated inspection operation across the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: Systems and methods of forming a skin for a composite structure and composite structures including the same. The systems and methods include operatively attaching a charge of composite material to a flexible substrate to define a composite-substrate assembly. The systems and methods further include deforming the composite-substrate assembly by conforming the composite-substrate assembly to a non-planar pre-forming surface of a pre-forming mandrel to define a non-planar skin surface contour on the charge of composite material. The systems and methods further include maintaining the charge of composite material in tension in a direction that is parallel to an interface between the charge of composite material and the flexible substrate during the deforming.