Abstract: Methods and apparatus for messaging within a neuromorphic array of compute primitives. Existing networking techniques are poorly suited for the intermediate complexity of neuromorphic computing. Consequently, novel router architectures described herein efficiently propagate messaging within a neuromorphic system. In one exemplary embodiment, a fractal tree of client nodes is disclosed. The fractal tree includes embedded tree switches that use path-based routing to deliver packets. The exemplary path-based routing is simplified and more robust relative to other alternatives. Additionally, an asynchronous handshaking protocol with serial signaling enables a processor to communicate with a very large neuromorphic array of compute primitives without any shared timing for the system; i.e., the client nodes can take as long (or as little) as is necessary to communicate.

Abstract: A two transistor current-controlled current conveyor (C4) circuit is provided which exploits the translinear properties of the MOS transistor in subthreshold and uses unidirectional current signals. As a result, the circuits of the invention achieve high functionality and integration density with very low power dissipation. Two C4 circuits connected to and communicating through a bidirectional junction circuit of the invention permit the transmission of independent, bidirectional signals. These circuits are useful for implementing synthetic neural systems such as associative memories and silicon retinas, such as winner-takes-all and pyramidal neuron circuits and the outer-plexiform layer of a retina.