Abstract: An electronic device including a battery; a memory configured to store information regarding a changed voltage value of the battery based on a unit time elapsing after charging of the battery is started; and a processor configured to: based on the charging of the battery being started, identify an initial voltage value of the battery; based on the unit time elapsing after the charging of the battery is started, identify the changed voltage value of the battery corresponding to a time at which the unit time elapses based on the information stored in the memory and the initial voltage value; and identify a current charge of the battery based on the changed voltage value.

Abstract: An optimization calculation apparatus may comprise an algorithm module obtaining a plurality of first solutions (S1) from a plurality of input data, obtaining second solutions (S2) from the first solutions (S1), and repeating the process to derive an optimal solution (Sm). The optimization calculation apparatus may further comprise a similarity determination module connected to the algorithm module and computing a similarity of ith solutions in order to obtain (i+1)th solutions (1?i?m?1).

Abstract: An optimization calculation apparatus and an optimization calculation method are provided. The optimization calculation apparatus may comprise an algorithm module obtaining a plurality of first solutions (S1) from a plurality of input data, obtaining second solutions (S2) from the first solutions (S1) and repeating the process to derive an optimal solution (Sm), and a similarity determination module connected to the algorithm module and computing a similarity of ith solutions in order to obtain (i+1)th solutions (1?i?m?1).

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method of manufacturing an article using sound that modifies sound waveforms for sound of living things (including human voice) in various shapes and manufactures articles corresponding to the shapes. An apparatus for manufacturing an article using sound generates a sampling waveform based on the sound waveform. Next, the sampling waveform is converted into a two-dimensional image file and the two-dimensional image is again converted into a three-dimensional image file. Thereafter, an article is manufactured based on the two-dimensional or three-dimensional image file. According to the invention, the apparatus and method of manufacturing an article using sound manufactures an article based on the sampling waveform generated by sampling the sound waveform, thereby manufacturing a simplified article.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide anode active material hybridized with carbon nano fibers for lithium secondary battery prepared by following steps comprising, i) dispersing the nano size metal catalyst to the surface of anode material selected from graphite, amorphous silicon or the complex of graphite and amorphous silicon; and ii) growing the carbon nano fiber by chemical vapor deposition method, wherein carbon nano fibers are grown in a vine form and surround the surface of anode active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ternary copolymer represented by the following formula (1) of the penta-block structure, wherein the molecular weight is 50, 000 to 400,000, pB is more than 70% of 1,4 structure, the content of pS is in range of 5% to 50%, and pB and pI are in a weight ratio of pB/pI?1. pS-pI-pB-pI-pS??(1) Wherein, pS is vinyl aromatic polymer, pB is polybutadiene and pI is polyisoprene. The block copolymer in the present invention with the structure, in which polyisoprene block is inserted between vinyl aromatic polymer block and polybutadiene block, has high mechanical properties such as tensile strength. The manufacturing method of the ternary block copolymer with penta-block structure is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a styrene copolymer and the method of preparing the same through the steps described in the following: a step of making a living polymer with an active anion by polymerizing an anionically polymerizable monomer in a non polar solvent in the presence of alkyllithum catalyst; a step of preparing a macro monomer by reacting the abovementioned living polymer with a terminal modifier represented by the structure of formula 1; and a step of copolymerizing the above macro monomer with styrene monomer with transition catalyst and co-catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a styrene copolymer and the method of preparing the same through the steps described in the following:

Abstract: A secondary polymer battery is provided with: a) a cathode containing a current collector made of an electrically conductive substrate and a composition placed on said current collector, said composition including i) one or more transition metal compounds selected among a transition metal and transition metal salt of the formula MXn, wherein M is a transition metal, X is a halogen negative ion, and n is an integral number between 1 to 6; ii) a matrix polymer which has a basic functional group with affinity for the transition metal species; (b) a polymer electrolyte containing a lithium salt; and (c) an anode including the material selected among a lithium metal, a lithium alloy and a lithium intercalation material such as carbon. The secondary polymer battery has a high energy density and a high charging/discharging efficiency with extended cycle life.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel sulfurated hydrocarbon material having electrochemical activity, high capacity, and good reversibility, which can be used as an electrode material for the secondary battery. More particularly, it relates to a sulfurated hydrocarbon material, which is prepared by the sulfuration of the olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbon, in the presence of a amine promoter. The sulfurated hydrocarbon material contains from 40 to 88% of sulfur and is represented by the formula (CHxSy)z, wherein: x is a real number in the range of 0.5≦x≦1.75; y is a real number in the range of 0.2≦y≦3.2; and z is an integer equal to or greater than 5. Also, the present invention provides a secondary battery comprising i) a positive electrode comprising said sulfurated hydrocarbon compound; ii) a polymer electrolyte; and iii) a negative electrode made of alkali metal or alkali metal alloy.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for polymerizing isobutene using a catalytic system comprising a transition metal compound, a benzene derivative compound, and methylaluminoxane, and the catalytic system applied to the polymerization of isobutene, (1) the added benzene derivative compound and methyl aluminoxane to the transition metal species provides higher stability of cation active site so that polyisobutene with a high molecular weight can be produced even at a higher reaction temperature than the conventional cationic polymerization temperature; (2) nonhalogen solvent such as toluene can be employed as a polymerization solvent instead of halogenated solvents such as methyl chloride; and (3) under the stable catalytic system, a final product with a high yield can be ensured for its long-term use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved secondary battery having high weight energy density and good reversibility, more specifically, a battery containing i) a positive electrode comprising a reversible positive electrode material containing an organosulfur compound wherein sulfur-sulfur bond is formed upon oxidation and sulfur-sulfur bond is cleaved upon electrolytic reduction, an electroactive component selected from main group elements compound, electrically conductive ingredients and a current collector containing copper metal; ii) a polymer electrolyte having lithium salt; and iii) a negative electrode made of lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium intercalating carbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved secondary battery having high weight energy density and good reversibility, more specifically, a battery containing i) a positive electrode comprising a reversible positive electrode material containing an organosulfur compound wherein sulfur--sulfur bond is formed upon oxidation and sulfur--sulfur bond is cleaved upon electrolytic reduction, a metallic compound, and a current collector containing copper metal; ii) a polymer electrolyte having lithium salt; and iii) a negative electrode made of lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium intercalating carbon.