Abstract: Disclosed are a method of calculating a cipher and an electronic device performing the method. The method of calculating the cipher according to an embodiment of the present invention includes reading predetermined secret information t and a first intermediate result based on the secret information t, generating a random value k, calculating a second intermediate result l using the secret information t and the random value k, and performing scalar point multiplication using the first intermediate result and the second intermediate result, wherein the first intermediate result is determined at a different time point from the calculating of the second intermediate result l and stored in a chip and/or memory included in the electronic device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a user terminal and authentication execution device for performing pseudonym 2-factor authentication, and an operating method therefor. The disclosed operating method of the authentication execution device includes receiving a first inborn ID, private key signature information, and a certificate issued by an authentication system from a user terminal, obtaining a second inborn ID and a public key of the user terminal included in the certificate by decrypting the certificate using a public key of the authentication system, performing primary authentication of a user of the user terminal by checking whether the first inborn ID and the second inborn ID match each other, and when the primary authentication is completed, performing secondary authentication of the user by verifying private key signature information with the public key.

Abstract: An electronic device which generates and authenticates identification information of a hardware device and an operation method thereof are disclosed. The operation method of the disclosed electronic device includes determining identification information used for authentication of a hardware device using a public key of the hardware device generated from a private key of the hardware device, and managing the identification information.