Abstract: An aspect provides plant cells with an engineered QPT gene and methods of using the same. When a QPT gene in a plant cell is genetically engineered according to an aspect, biosynthesis of nicotine is effectively inhibited, and nicotine is reduced by about 97% or more, and since alkaloids other than nicotine (nornicotine, anabasine, anatabine) are also reduced by about 68% or more, plant cells with reduced carcinogen TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NAB, and NAT) may be produced.

Abstract: Provided are: a plant cell, in which expression or activity of a phytochelatin synthase (PCS) gene or a protein encoded by the PCS gene is reduced as compared with a parent cell; a plant having that has reduced heavy metal absorption, and includes the plant cell; a method of reducing heavy metals in a plant, the method including reducing expression or activity of a PCS gene or a protein encoded by the PCS gene, as compared with a parent cell; a CRISPR-Cas9 recombinant vector including a single guide RNA targeting a PCS gene; and a method of preparing a plant with reduced heavy metals, the method including transforming a plant cell with the recombinant vector.

Abstract: A method of constructing a polar code for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel. The method may generate a plurality of mutually independent single input single output (SISO) channels based on MIMO channel information; define channels of the polar code; allocate each of the channels of the polar code to one of the plurality of the SISO channels; estimate qualities of channels combined by applying polar transformation to the plurality of SISO channels; and arrange unfrozen bits and frozen bits based on the estimated qualities.

Abstract: Processes for fusing opaque fused quartz to clear fused quartz to form ultraviolet light transmission windows comprise surrounding a clear fused quartz ingot with an opaque fused quartz sleeve or opaque fused quartz particles, then heating the clear and opaque fused quartz together in a furnace, past the transition temperature of the opaque fused quartz, in order to join the two types of quartz together around the perimeter of the clear fused quartz ingot, but without substantial mixing beyond the interface.

Abstract: A cover assembly for protecting a chemical container according to the present disclosure includes: a first cover member encompassing a part of an inner container; a second cover member encompassing the other part of the inner container; and a binding member for connecting the first cover member and the second cover member, wherein the binding member includes a binding body formed at any one of the first cover member and the second cover member and coupled to the other. The cover assembly for protecting a chemical container, which is the present invention, is configured such that the outside of a glass bottle accommodating a chemical is formed with a protection member capable of being separated into two or more layers, thereby suppressing a negative influence on the surroundings thereof by minimizing leakage of the solution to the outside even if the glass bottle is broken by an impact when a worker handles or moves the glass bottle.

Abstract: A method of constructing a polar code for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel. The method may generate a plurality of mutually independent single input single output (SISO) channels based on MIMO channel information; define channels of the polar code; allocate each of the channels of the polar code to one of the plurality of the SISO channels; estimate qualities of channels combined by applying polar transformation to the plurality of SISO channels; and arrange unfrozen bits and frozen bits based on the estimated qualities.

Abstract: A method of operating a terminal that is related to achieving synchronization in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving signals with a bandwidth comprising a plurality of channels, selecting at least one channel group to attempt to detect based on radio frequency level per a reception signal, wherein the channel group denotes a set of channels that belongs to one bandwidth, and performing a synchronization procedure on each of channels that belong to the at least one channel group selected.

Abstract: Processes for fusing opaque fused quartz to clear fused quartz to form ultraviolet light transmission windows comprise surrounding a clear fused quartz ingot with an opaque fused quartz sleeve or opaque fused quartz particles, then heating the clear and opaque fused quartz together in a furnace, past the transition temperature of the opaque fused quartz, in order to join the two types of quartz together around the perimeter of the clear fused quartz ingot, but without substantial mixing beyond the interface.

Abstract: A cover assembly for protecting a chemical container according to the present disclosure includes: a first cover member encompassing a part of an inner container; a second cover member encompassing the other part of the inner container; and a binding member for connecting the first cover member and the second cover member, wherein the binding member includes a binding body formed at any one of the first cover member and the second cover member and coupled to the other. The cover assembly for protecting a chemical container, which is the present invention, is configured such that the outside of a glass bottle accommodating a chemical is formed with a protection member capable of being separated into two or more layers, thereby suppressing a negative influence on the surroundings thereof by minimizing leakage of the solution to the outside even if the glass bottle is broken by an impact when a worker handles or moves the glass bottle.

Abstract: An apparatus for switching between receivers according to a characteristic of a received signal in a communication system includes a radio frequency unit that modulates at least two signals received from transmission devices, and a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) shape comparison unit that determines characteristics of the modulated signals by using a CIR and selects a receiver according to the determined characteristics of the modulated signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for switching between receivers according to a characteristic of a received signal in a communication system includes a radio frequency unit that modulates at least two signals received from transmission devices, and a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) shape comparison unit that determines characteristics of the modulated signals by using a CIR and selects a receiver according to the determined characteristics of the modulated signals.

Abstract: A method of operating a terminal that is related to achieving synchronization in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving signals with a bandwidth comprising a plurality of channels, selecting at least one channel group to attempt to detect based on radio frequency level per a reception signal, wherein the channel group denotes a set of channels that belongs to one bandwidth, and performing a synchronization procedure on each of channels that belong to the at least one channel group selected.

Abstract: A method for estimating a symbol timing offset in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system is disclosed. The method includes detecting a channel impulse response within one Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) duration; and estimating a symbol timing offset taking the detected channel impulse response into account. The symbol timing offset estimation includes calculating a channel delay duration depending on the detected channel impulse response; and estimating the symbol timing offset such that the channel impulse response is detected within a guard interval, taking into account the calculated channel delay duration and the guard interval existing in the one FFT duration.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of inflammation. More particularly, the present invention relates to reducing release of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced to MUC1 activity. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of modulating (inhibiting or promoting) an inflammatory response wherein modulation of the inflammatory response is desired, comprising administering an effective amount of an agent which inhibits or promotes MUC-1 function to an individual.

Abstract: A receiver and method of performing timing synchronization in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. A receiver to perform timing synchronization in an OFDM scheme, the receiver including: an autocorrelation processor to calculate and accumulate an autocorrelation value with regard to samples of an OFDM symbol before an initialized starting point; and a reference value calculator to calculate the reference value of each sample index in at least one predetermined sample section, based on the accumulated autocorrelation values, wherein the reference value corresponds to a value dividing an imaginary number unit of the accumulated autocorrelation values into a real number unit, and is used to repeatedly reestablish the initialized starting point and to determine the final starting point.

Abstract: A method for converting a sample rate in a Software Defined Radio (SDR) communication system is provided. The method includes setting a sampling frequency range depending on a maximum sampling frequency and a minimum sampling frequency so as to enable support of a plurality of sample rates; if a required sampling frequency is set, determining a control value for converting the maximum sampling frequency to the required sampling frequency; and receiving a signal having the maximum sampling frequency, and converting the signal having the maximum sampling frequency to a signal having the required sampling frequency depending on the control value. The control value is determined taking into account a maximum sampling frequency for setting the sampling frequency range.

Abstract: A reconfigurable processor (RP) structure is provided, and particularly, a multi-mode providing apparatus including an exclusive coarse-grained array unit for each mode and a multi-mode providing method thereof are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a demodulation circuit for demodulating an IF signal which is input via an antennal and then over-sampled at a sampling rate four times a frequency of a baseband signal, the demodulation circuit including a mixer for converting the IF signal down to a baseband signal using a coefficient corresponding to either sine values or cosine values, a DEMUX for dividing the down-converted baseband signal into a plurality of signals, and a PPF having a plurality of sub-filters for filtering the divided signals input from the DEMUX and a plurality of adders for operating the output signals of the sub-filters. As a result, the demodulation circuit can be realized in a small hardware size and is capable of reducing power consumption.

Abstract: An OFDM signal receiving apparatus and method compensates for a sampling frequency offset. Such an apparatus includes an offset estimating unit for estimating an offset for a sampling frequency that is applied to an FFT of an OFDM signal in a tracking mode, a channel estimating unit for estimating a channel delay profile using a CIR, and an offset compensating unit for compensating for an influence due to the offset by using the duration of the FFT interval transition due to the estimated offset, profile duration of the estimated channel delay profile and duration of a guard interval included in an OFDM symbol to determine a location of the channel delay profile on the guard interval. Accordingly, it is possible to compensate for a sampling frequency offset even if using a general oscillator and not a VCXO, which results in lowering cost and power consumption.

Abstract: A reconfigurable processor (RP) structure is provided, and particularly, a multi-mode providing apparatus including an exclusive coarse-grained array unit for each mode and a multi-mode providing method thereof are provided.