Abstract: A method of synchronizing reference image with additional image in digital broadcasting includes generating at least one frame having predetermined identifier for providing notice of the start time of the reference image to receiver in advance; and transmitting at least one frame having the predetermined identifier to the receiver. Alternatively, the method of synchronizing reference image with additional image of includes generating signaling information containing additional image interlocking information at a transmission side in order to prepare for the additional image interlocked with the reference image at a reception side in advance; and providing the signaling information to the receiver. Therefore, it is possible to accurately and effectively perform the synchronization of 3D reference image with 3D additional image stored in the receiver or a streamed 3D additional image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polycrystalline gallium-doped zinc oxide of which the power factor is improved due to increased gallium doping of same. Despite having a high carrier concentration, the Seebeck coefficient of Zn0.985Ga0.015O is higher than that of Zn0.990Ga0.010O, and this arises because of the effect of the density-of-states (DOS) effective mass. A steady increase in compression stress following gallium substitution occurs in the base portion of the conduction band DOS. The solubility limit of gallium in the zinc oxide matrix is increased because a low firing temperature accelerates chemical compression. Single phase n-type Zn0.985Ga0.015O exhibits a power factor of 12.5 ?Wcm?1K?2.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a transmission apparatus and method and a reception method and apparatus for providing a 3D service are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus of synchronizing a reference picture and an additional picture of a real-time broadcasting program.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a transmission apparatus and method and a reception apparatus and method for a program associated stereoscopic broadcasting service. The transmission apparatus includes: a real time stream encoder generating a real time stream by encoding a reference image; a non-real time (NRT) stream encoder generating an NRT stream based on an additional image; an image synchronization information generator generating a service signaling and image synchronization information (including an event information table (EIT) and a program map table (PMT)) stream for synchronizing the reference image and the additional image with each other based on 3D content synchronization information; and a re-multiplexer generating a program associated stereoscopic broadcasting stream by multiplexing the real time stream, the non-real time stream, and the service signaling and image synchronizing information stream.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for transmitting a broadcasting service capable of signaling non-real-time 3D broadcasting content. An apparatus for transmitting a broadcasting service includes: a non-real-time (NRT) content encoder encoding stereoscopic image content including a reference image and an additional image to generate an NRT stream; an NRT signaling information encoder generating NRT signaling information including at least one of a service map table (SMT) and a non-real-time-information table (NRT-IT) that correspond to the content; and a multiplexer multiplexing the NRT stream and the NRT signaling information and transmitting the multiplexed NRT stream and NRT signaling information to a receiving apparatus. Therefore, content can be provided even when the reference image and the additional image are encoded into the single file format in the dual stream type.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing reference image with additional image in digital broadcasting includes generating at least one frame having predetermined identifier for providing notice of the start time of the reference image to receiver in advance; and transmitting at least one frame having the predetermined identifier to the receiver. Alternatively, the method of synchronizing reference image with additional image of includes generating signaling information containing additional image interlocking information at a transmission side in order to prepare for the additional image interlocked with the reference image at a reception side in advance; and providing the signaling information to the receiver. Therefore, it is possible to accurately and effectively perform the synchronization of 3D reference image with 3D additional image stored in the receiver or a streamed 3D additional image.

Abstract: An illumination normalizing apparatus and a method are disclosed. The illumination normalizing apparatus measures a discontinuity of each pixel of an input image, the discontinuity including a spatial gradient and a local inhomogeneity, produces a weight of each pixel from the discontinuity by using a transfer function, produces an estimated illumination by repeating a convolution operation on each weight, and subtracts the estimated illumination from the input image.

Abstract: Provided is a method for transmitting a stereoscopic video in a digital broadcasting system, the stereoscopic video being composed of a left view and a right view. The method includes: generating information indicating that the video is stereoscopic, information about a composition type of the stereoscopic video, and additional information based on the composition type; and transmitting the stereoscopic video and the generated information. The composition type is to compose the stereoscopic video of a single or two encoding streams by using the left view and the right view. In the case of a single stream mode in which the stereoscopic video is composed of the single encoding stream, the additional information includes information about positions of the left and right views.

Abstract: Provided is a stereoscopic video service providing method using a stereoscopic video stream including first and second video streams in a digital broadcasting system. The stereoscopic video service providing method includes: generating information on the first video stream and information on the second video stream; inserting an identifier of the information on the second video stream into the information on the first video stream; and transmitting the first video stream and the information on the first video stream and the second video stream and the information on the second video stream through separate transmission channels, respectively.

Abstract: An illumination normalizing apparatus and a method are disclosed. The illumination normalizing apparatus measures a discontinuity of each pixel of an input image, the discontinuity including a spatial gradient and a local inhomogeneity, produces a weight of each pixel from the discontinuity by using a transfer function, produces an estimated illumination by repeating a convolution operation on each weight, and subtracts the estimated illumination from the input image.

Abstract: This invention relates to a piercing through type capacitor used in high voltage high frequency wave device, which is comprised of: ceramic disc having two separated electrodes on top surface and common electrode on bottom surface; grounding plate which is made by a locating means of elongated oval shape to be laid with said ceramic disc thereon, an elongated oval protuberance having large elongated oval piercing through opening at central portion, and a number of small piercing through holes around said elongated oval protuberance with keeping a predetermined distance therefrom; insulation case of elongated oval hollow column which is made integrally with upper and lower insulation case for surrounding the ceramic disc at both sides of said grounding plate; a pair of piercing through conductors in which a pair of metal caps which are provided to each of said two separated electrodes on the top surface of said ceramic disc and having protrusions at each periphery are fixed by soldering or welding; a pair of i