Abstract: A memory system may include: a memory device configured to store first training information and second training information representing different training patterns; and a memory controller configured to: perform a first training operation on the memory device based on the first training information, and perform, when a result of the first training operation is out of a predetermined range, a second training operation on the memory device plural times based on the second training information.

Abstract: An electrode for a secondary battery includes a current collector, a first electrode mixture layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector and including styrene butadiene rubber, and a second electrode mixture layer disposed on the first electrode mixture layer and including a second styrene butadiene rubber. The first styrene butadiene rubber and the second styrene butadiene rubber have a repeating unit of styrene derived structure and a repeating unit of a butadiene derived structure, the first styrene butadiene rubber containing 40 to 90 mol % of a butadiene monomer based on total content of a monomer, and the second styrene butadiene rubber having a lower content of a butadiene monomer than the content of the first styrene butadiene rubber.

Abstract: In some implementations, the anode includes a current collector, a first anode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector, and a second anode mixture layer formed on the first anode mixture layer. The first anode mixture layer and the second anode mixture layer include a carbon-based active material, respectively. The first anode mixture layer includes a first binder, a first silicon-based active material, and a first conductive material. The second anode mixture layer includes a second binder, a second silicon-based active material, and a second conductive material. Contents of the first conductive material and the second conductive material are different from each other with respect to the total combined weight of the first anode mixture layer and the second anode mixture layer. Types of the first silicon-based active material and the second silicon-based active material are different from each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a stacked structure includes forming a first metal buffer layer including crystal grains on a base substrate, forming a second metal buffer material layer on the first metal buffer layer, and crystallizing the second metal buffer material layer to form a second metal buffer layer, wherein the second metal buffer material layer includes crystal grains, and a density of the crystal grains of the second metal buffer material layer is lower than a density of the crystal grains of the first metal buffer layer.

Abstract: An anode for a lithium secondary battery according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure includes: an anode current collector; an adhesive layer formed on the anode current collector and includes a first binder; and an anode active material layer formed on the adhesive layer and includes an anode active material including silicon-carbon composite particles and a second binder.

Abstract: An electrode for a secondary battery includes a current collector, a first electrode mixture layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector and including carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene butadiene rubber, and a second electrode mixture layer disposed on the first electrode mixture layer and including carboxymethyl cellulose. A weight average molecular weight of the carboxymethyl cellulose included in the first electrode mixture layer is less than a weight average molecular weight of the carboxymethyl cellulose included in the second electrode mixture layer. Adhesion between the electrode current collector and the active material and cohesion between the active materials may be improved, and the resistance within the electrode may be reduced, thereby significantly increasing the capacity and lifespan characteristics of a battery.

Abstract: In some implementations, the anode includes a current collector, a first anode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector, and a second anode mixture layer formed on the first anode mixture layer. The first anode mixture layer and the second anode mixture layer include a carbon-based active material, respectively. The first anode mixture layer includes a first binder, a first silicon-based active material, and a first conductive material. The second anode mixture layer includes a second binder, a second silicon-based active material, and a second conductive material. Contents of the first conductive material and the second conductive material are different from each other with respect to the total combined weight of the first anode mixture layer and the second anode mixture layer. Types of the first silicon-based active material and the second silicon-based active material are different from each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a negative electrode includes styrene butadiene rubber on at least one surface of a negative electrode current collector, applying a second slurry including a negative electrode active material and a polyacrylic acid-based binder onto the first slurry, and drying and rolling the negative electrode current collector to which the first slurry and the second slurry are applied. The negative electrode active material includes a silicon-based negative electrode active material. According to the present disclosure, expansion and contraction of a silicon-based negative electrode active material during charging and discharging may be alleviated, and electrode flexibility may be improved, resulting in a significant improvement in lifespan properties of a secondary battery.

Abstract: A negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode mixture layer includes a negative electrode active material, a binder, and an additive containing a conductive polymer and a template compound. The conductive polymer included in the negative electrode may lower resistance of the electrode by providing an electron movement path for the negative electrode active material and the conductive material of the negative electrode. Stable electrical conductivity may be maintained while significantly reducing the content of conductive materials such as carbon black and carbon nanotubes, thereby improving lifespan characteristics of the secondary battery.

Abstract: An electrode for a secondary battery includes a current collector, a first electrode mixture layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector and including styrene butadiene rubber, and a second electrode mixture layer disposed on the first electrode mixture layer and including a second styrene butadiene rubber. The first styrene butadiene rubber and the second styrene butadiene rubber have a repeating unit of styrene derived structure and a repeating unit of a butadiene derived structure, the first styrene butadiene rubber containing 40 to 90 mol % of a butadiene monomer based on total content of a monomer, and the second styrene butadiene rubber having a lower content of a butadiene monomer than the content of the first styrene butadiene rubber.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a secondary battery includes: a current collector; a first electrode negative active material layer formed on the current collector and containing a first active material; and a second negative electrode active material layer formed on the first negative electrode active material layer and containing a second active material. The second active material is a bimodal active material including active materials having different specific surface areas, a specific surface area (B2) of the second active material is larger than a specific surface area (B1) of the first active material, and the specific surface area of the second active material is an average specific surface area of an active material (2-1-th active material) having a large specific surface area and an active material (2-2-th active material) having a small specific surface area.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a secondary battery includes: a current collector; a first negative electrode active material layer formed on the current collector and containing a first active material; and a second negative electrode active material layer formed on the first negative electrode active material layer and containing a second active material. The second active material is a bimodal active material including small particles and large particles having different particle sizes, a particle size (D2) of the second active material is smaller than a particle size (D1) of the first active material, and the particle size of the second active material is an average particle size of the small particles and the large particles.

Abstract: An electrode for a secondary battery includes a current collector, a first electrode mixture layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector and including carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene butadiene rubber, and a second electrode mixture layer disposed on the first electrode mixture layer and including carboxymethyl cellulose. A weight average molecular weight of the carboxymethyl cellulose included in the first electrode mixture layer is less than a weight average molecular weight of the carboxymethyl cellulose included in the second electrode mixture layer. Adhesion between the electrode current collector and the active material and cohesion between the active materials may be improved, and the resistance within the electrode may be reduced, thereby significantly increasing the capacity and lifespan characteristics of a battery.

Abstract: An anode for a lithium secondary battery includes an anode current collector, and an anode active material layer disposed on the anode current collector. The anode active material layer includes a first anode active material layer including a first anode active material and a first binder that includes an acrylate-styrene butadiene copolymer, and a second anode active material layer disposed on the first anode material layer, the second anode active material layer including a second anode active material and a second binder that includes an acrylate-styrene-butadiene copolymer. A peak intensity ratio according to Raman spectroscopy of the first anode active material is smaller than the peak intensity ratio according to Raman spectroscopy of the second anode active material, and the peak intensity ratio according to Raman spectroscopy is represented as ID/IG.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a secondary battery including a cathode formed on a cathode current collector and at least one surface of the cathode current collector and comprising a cathodic active material and a binder; an anode formed on an anode current collector and at least one surface of the anode current collector and comprising a anodic active material and a binder; and a separation film disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein surface roughness (Ra) of the anode is 1.0 ?m or less, and a standard deviation of the surface roughness of the anode is 0.05 or less. An anode prepared according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure has improved surface roughness, and accordingly, electrical resistance of a lithium ion secondary battery can be reduced, and further, long lifespan characteristics are improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode active material slurry, which includes (a) an electrode active material, (b) a conductive agent, (c) a binder, (d) a solvent, and (e) a cellulose-based compound having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 2,000,000 to 3,000,000, a degree of substitution of 1.0 to 1.2, and a viscosity (Brookfield viscometer, speed of 12 rpm) of 4,000 cps to 10,000 cps, and an electrode and a lithium secondary battery which include the same. Phase stability of the electrode active material slurry may be improved and battery characteristics may be improved by using the cellulose-based compound having molecular weight and degree of substitution within a specific range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode active material slurry, which includes (a) an electrode active material, (b) a conductive agent, (c) a binder, (d) a solvent, and (e) a cellulose-based compound having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 2,000,000 to 3,000,000, a degree of substitution of 1.0 to 1.2, and a viscosity (Brookfield viscometer, speed of 12 rpm) of 4,000 cps to 10,000 cps, and an electrode and a lithium secondary battery which include the same. Phase stability of the electrode active material slurry may be improved and battery characteristics may be improved by using the cellulose-based compound having molecular weight and degree of substitution within a specific range.

Abstract: A carboxymethyl cellulose is provided with a polydispersity index of 10 or more and a weight average molecular weight of 2,000,000 or more in a negative electrode mix slurry. Accordingly, phase stability of the negative electrode mix slurry is improved, achieving improved adhesiveness and low resistance of a negative electrode manufactured therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anode slurry for a secondary battery and an anode comprising the same, in which the dispersibility of an anode active material is improved by increasing the adsorption amount of CMC with respect to the anode active material by adjusting the degree of substitution or physical properties such as molecular weight, and a CMC blend amount is reduced so as to increase the slurry solid content and reduce the resistance of a battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative electrode including an active material layer which includes carbon-based particles having an oxygen content of 700 mg/kg to 1,700 mg/kg, and a secondary battery including the same.