Abstract: A method of manufacturing an integrated circuit device includes forming a dummy gate insulating layer on first to third active regions of a substrate, forming first to third dummy gates on the first to third active regions, respectively, forming an inter-gate insulating layer covering the first to third dummy gates, forming a third gate space by removing the third dummy gate while the first and second dummy gates are covered, forming an extra gate insulating layer on the dummy gate insulating layer exposed to the third gate space, forming first and second gate spaces by removing the first and second dummy gates while the third dummy gate is covered, removing a first portion of the dummy gate insulating layer exposed to the first gate space while the second and third gate spaces are covered, and forming a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode in the gate spaces.

Abstract: A motion detection device is provided. The motion detection device includes a first dynamic vision sensor (DVS), a memory, a communication circuit, and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive a plurality of images including a movable object using the first DVS for a predetermined time, generate data for determining a kind of motion of the moveable object based on a motion vector of the plurality of images, transmit the generated data to a cloud, and determine the kind of motion of the moveable object based on information received from the cloud.

Abstract: A multi-layered speech recognition apparatus and method, the apparatus includes a client checking whether the client recognizes the speech using a characteristic of speech to be recognized and recognizing the speech or transmitting the characteristic of the speech according to a checked result; and first through N-th servers, wherein the first server checks whether the first server recognizes the speech using the characteristic of the speech transmitted from the client, and recognizes the speech or transmits the characteristic according to a checked result, and wherein an n-th (2?n?N) server checks whether the n-th server recognizes the speech using the characteristic of the speech transmitted from an (n?1)-th server, and recognizes the speech or transmits the characteristic according to a checked result.

Abstract: A multi-layered speech recognition apparatus and method, the apparatus includes a client checking whether the client recognizes the speech using a characteristic of speech to be recognized and recognizing the speech or transmitting the characteristic of the speech according to a checked result; and first through N-th servers, wherein the first server checks whether the first server recognizes the speech using the characteristic of the speech transmitted from the client, and recognizes the speech or transmits the characteristic according to a checked result, and wherein an n-th (2?n?N) server checks whether the n-th server recognizes the speech using the characteristic of the speech transmitted from an (n?1)-th server, and recognizes the speech or transmits the characteristic according to a checked result.

Abstract: A multi-layered speech recognition apparatus and method, the apparatus includes a client checking whether the client recognizes the speech using a characteristic of speech to be recognized and recognizing the speech or transmitting the characteristic of the speech according to a checked result; and first through N-th servers, wherein the first server checks whether the first server recognizes the speech using the characteristic of the speech transmitted from the client, and recognizes the speech or transmits the characteristic according to a checked result, and wherein an n-th (2?n?N) server checks whether the n-th server recognizes the speech using the characteristic of the speech transmitted from an (n?1)-th server, and recognizes the speech or transmits the characteristic according to a checked result.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and medium for generating a grammar network for speech recognition and a dialogue speech recognition are provided. A method, apparatus, and medium for employing the same are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the possibility of pattern recognition of time series signal independent of a pattern recognition ratio is provided. The method for determining the possibility of pattern recognition of time series signal includes extracting a time forward feature and a time reversed feature from an input signal having a time series pattern, generating time forward alignment and time reversed alignment by using the time forward feature and the time reversed feature, comparing the time forward alignment with the time reversed alignment to compute a likelihood of pattern recognition, and determining that the input signal can be recognized if the likelihood is larger than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: Building a language model for use in speech recognition includes identifying without user interaction a source of text related to a user. Text is retrieved from the identified source of text and a language model related to the user is built from the retrieved text.

Abstract: A button input apparatus with a display function, which generates a switch signal in response to a user's press, and a portable electronic device having the same. The button input apparatus includes: a plurality of lever buttons each having a transparent window in at least a portion thereof, and one fixed edge on one side of the transparent window, so that the buttons are elastically vertically flexible; a switch substrate, which is disposed below the plurality of lever buttons, including openings respectively corresponding to the transparent windows, and generating a switch signal according to a motion of any of the plurality of lever buttons via a plurality of switches disposed to respectively correspond to elastic parts of the lever buttons; and a display panel, which provides an image in an area corresponding to each of the transparent windows, at least a portion of the display panel being disposed below the plurality of lever buttons.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and medium for generating a grammar network for speech recognition and a dialogue speech recognition are provided. A method, apparatus, and medium for employing the same are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the possibility of pattern recognition of time series signal independent of a pattern recognition ratio is provided. The method for determining the possibility of pattern recognition of time series signal includes extracting a time forward feature and a time reversed feature from an input signal having a time series pattern, generating time forward alignment and time reversed alignment by using the time forward feature and the time reversed feature, comparing the time forward alignment with the time reversed alignment to compute a likelihood of pattern recognition, and determining that the input signal can be recognized if the likelihood is larger than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A multi-layered speech recognition apparatus and method, the apparatus includes a client checking whether the client recognizes the speech using a characteristic of speech to be recognized and recognizing the speech or transmitting the characteristic of the speech according to a checked result; and first through N-th servers, wherein the first server checks whether the first server recognizes the speech using the characteristic of the speech transmitted from the client, and recognizes the speech or transmits the characteristic according to a checked result, and wherein an n-th (2?n?N) server checks whether the n-th server recognizes the speech using the characteristic of the speech transmitted from an (n?1)-th server, and recognizes the speech or transmits the characteristic according to a checked result.

Abstract: Building a language model for use in speech recognition includes identifying without user interaction a source of text related to a user. Text is retrieved from the identified source of text and a language model related to the user is built from the retrieved text.