Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels including switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, liquid crystal capacitors and storage capacitors connected to the switching elements; a gate driver for supplying gate voltages for driving the switching elements to the gate lines; a data driver for supplying gray voltages corresponding to applied data signals to the data lines; and a driving voltage generator for boosting a voltage according to a booster clock signal and for generating the gate voltages and a common voltage based on the boosted voltage, and the booster clock signal is synchronized with the common voltage.

Abstract: Provided are a display substrate capable of improving an afterimage phenomenon and a liquid crystal display (LCD) including the display substrate. The display substrate includes a substrate, a low-voltage pad which is formed on the substrate, a ground pad which is formed on the substrate and to which a ground voltage is applied, and a discharge pattern which is formed on the substrate and connects the low-voltage pad and the ground pad.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels including switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, liquid crystal capacitors and storage capacitors connected to the switching elements; a gate driver for supplying gate voltages for driving the switching elements to the gate lines; a data driver for supplying gray voltages corresponding to applied data signals to the data lines; and a driving voltage generator for boosting a voltage according to a booster clock signal and for generating the gate voltages and a common voltage based on the boosted voltage, and the booster clock signal is synchronized with the common voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels including switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, liquid crystal capacitors and storage capacitors connected to the switching elements; a gate driver for supplying gate voltages for driving the switching elements to the gate lines; a data driver for supplying gray voltages corresponding to applied data signals to the data lines; and a driving voltage generator for boosting a voltage according to a booster clock signal and for generating the gate voltages and a common voltage based on the boosted voltage, and the booster clock signal is synchronized with the common voltage.

Abstract: A driving circuit includes a semiconductor substrate, an electrode terminal, and a conductive bump. The electrode terminal is on the semiconductor substrate and includes a surface increasing portion on an upper surface of the electrode terminal to increase a surface area of the electrode terminal. The surface increasing portion has either various dimensions or constant dimensions. The conductive bump covers the surface increasing portion. Therefore, an image display quality of a display device is improved by reducing contact resistance between the electrode terminal and a signal line of a display panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels including switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, liquid crystal capacitors and storage capacitors connected to the switching elements; a gate driver for supplying gate voltages for driving the switching elements to the gate lines; a data driver for supplying gray voltages corresponding to applied data signals to the data lines; and a driving voltage generator for boosting a voltage according to a booster clock signal and for generating the gate voltages and a common voltage based on the boosted voltage, and the booster clock signal is synchronized with the common voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining degrees of an angle between the rotational axes of each of three articulations constituting robot wrist, and more particularly to a method of determining kinematic parameters for robot wrist, wherein a method of determining twist angle between the rotational axes is improved so that robot wrist can orient arbitrarily without regard to position of robot arm when attaching robot wrist having an offset in which the rotational axes of three articulations do not coincide at one point, to the robot arm of an articulated type. According to the present invention, if finding a length l.sub.3 of articulation upper part of robot arm, a virtual length of upper articulation of robot arm (l.sub.3.sup.o) by using offset link length (d.sub.5) of robot wrist, and twist angle (.alpha..sub.4) and twist angle (.alpha..sub.

Abstract: A robot manipulator which includes an upper arm having a wrist coupled to one end of the upper arm. The wrist includes at least three rotational axes of articulation with one of the rotational axes offset from an intersection of the other two rotational axes. Three twist angles are formed between the respective rotational axes. The value of these twist angles is optimized to orientate the three rotational axes of articulation in a configuration minimizing the space which the robot manipulator cannot reach.