Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of a stress disease and depression, the pharmaceutical composition be safely useable without toxicity and side effects by using an extract of leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb., which is natural resource of Korea, so that the reduction of manufacturing and production costs and the import substitution and export effects can be expected through the replacement of a raw material for preparation with a plant inhabiting in nature.

Abstract: A display panel can include a substrate, a light-emitting element including an emission region on the substrate, a reference voltage line adjacent to the light-emitting element, and a branch line connected to the reference voltage line to apply a reference voltage to light-emitting element. The light-emitting element can emit light on the emission region in a direction of the substrate. Further, the branch line can include a semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer of the branch line can overlap the emission region.

Abstract: A method and an electronic device for supplying power to a battery are provided. The electronic device includes a housing, a battery disposed inside the housing, and a power management circuit configured to control power supplied from an external power source to the battery. The power management circuit is configured to supply power from the external power source to the battery to apply a substantially constant current to the battery during a first time interval, supply power from the external power source to the battery to maintain a substantially constant voltage in the battery during a second time interval following the first time interval, sense a current value applied to the battery and a voltage value of the battery, and determine a duration of the first time interval based on at least part of the sensed current value and the sensed voltage value.

Abstract: A method and an electronic device for supplying power to a battery are provided. The electronic device includes a housing, a battery disposed inside the housing, and a power management circuit configured to control power supplied from an external power source to the battery. The power management circuit is configured to supply power from the external power source to the battery to apply a substantially constant current to the battery during a first time interval, supply power from the external power source to the battery to maintain a substantially constant voltage in the battery during a second time interval following the first time interval, sense a current value applied to the battery and a voltage value of the battery, and determine a duration of the first time interval based on at least part of the sensed current value and the sensed voltage value.

Abstract: There are provided a basketball game console, a network basketball game console, and basketball method using the same. The invention includes an image detecting unit, an identification unit, a central processing unit, and a driving unit. The central processing unit controls such that images of a ball received in the image detecting unit are identified when a passing detection sensor detects signals. Therefore, it is possible to identify a color, pattern, or clean shot of the ball going into a rim. The game console allows a multi-play game so that it is possible to play more interesting games over a network.

Abstract: There are provided a basketball game console, a network basketball game console, and basketball method using the same. The invention includes an image detecting unit, an identification unit, a central processing unit, and a driving unit. The central processing unit controls such that images of a ball received in the image detecting unit are identified when a passing detection sensor detects signals. Therefore, it is possible to identify a color, pattern, or clean shot of the ball going into a rim. The game console allows a multi-play game so that it is possible to play more interesting games over a network.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reorganizing mapping information in a flash memory are provided. The apparatus includes a sector-managing module that secures a mapping sector where mapping information is recorded in a physical unit, and determines whether user data is recorded up to a sector located in a predetermined position, and a mapping-information-recording module that records the mapping information in the mapping sector according to a result of the determination. Here, the mapping information includes a relation of a physical sector storing the user data and a logical sector corresponding to the physical sector.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for receiving digital broadcasting. The method includes receiving and outputting digital broadcasting data through a selected channel based on a user request, storing channel information about the selected channel, re-selecting a channel using the stored channel information if synchronization of the received digital broadcasting data is not achieved and receiving digital broadcasting data through the re-selected channel. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce unnecessary power consumption of the apparatus for receiving digital broadcasting and prevent the apparatus for receiving digital broadcasting from being down or inoperative in a weak electric field and other specific environments.

Abstract: Methods and devices for programming control information perform a lower-speed programming of a given cell type in a first area of memory array, confirm a result of the lower-speed programming of the given cell type in the first area of memory array, and perform a higher-speed programming of the given cell type in a second area of memory array after confirming the result of the lower-speed programming. An initial programming voltage of the higher-speed programming may be different from that of the lower-speed programming. The first programming may be a lower-speed operation, such as the writing of data, and the second programming may be a higher-speed operation, such as the writing of control information.

Abstract: A biological removal method of phosphorus and nitrogen includes supplying a mixture gas into a gas holder. Inflow water and return water are supplied into the gas holder to make the mixture gas dissolved in the inflow water and the return water. The return water was provided from a granulation biological reaction tank. The inflow water and the return water including the dissolved mixture gas are transported to the granulation biological reaction tank. A nitrogen-based component is removed from the inflow water and the return water using methan-oxidizing bacteria granulated in the granulation biological reaction tank. Treated water without the nitrogen-based component is transported to an anoxic tank for treatment, and discharged from the anoxic tank.

Abstract: A biological removal method of phosphorus and nitrogen includes supplying a mixture gas into a gas holder. Inflow water and return water are supplied into the gas holder to make the mixture gas dissolved in the inflow water and the return water. The return water was provided from a granulation biological reaction tank. The inflow water and the return water including the dissolved mixture gas are transported to the granulation biological reaction tank. A nitrogen-based component is removed from the inflow water and the return water using methan-oxidizing bacteria granulated in the granulation biological reaction tank. Treated water without the nitrogen-based component is transported to an anoxic tank for treatment, and discharged from the anoxic tank.

Abstract: A data management device and a data management method for a flash memory, in which physical addresses are classified according to pages, each of which is a physical data operation unit, and a predetermined data operation is performed with respect to the classified physical addresses. The data management device and method reduce time required for the data operation in a large-block flash memory, in which a physical data operation unit is larger than a logical data operation unit. As a result, an optimal data operation can be achieved in a large-block flash memory.

Abstract: A biological removal method of phosphorus and nitrogen includes supplying a mixture gas into a gas holder. Inflow water and return water are supplied into the gas holder to make the mixture gas dissolved in the inflow water and the return water. The return water was provided from a granulation biological reaction tank. The inflow water and the return water including the dissolved mixture gas are transported to the granulation biological reaction tank. A nitrogen-based component is removed from the inflow water and the return water using methan-oxidizing bacteria granulated in the granulation biological reaction tank. Treated water without the nitrogen-based component is transported to an anoxic tank for treatment, and discharged from the anoxic tank.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus and method are provided for a flash memory, wherein the data processing apparatus and method can easily determine whether data stored in the flash memory is valid. The data processing apparatus for a flash memory includes a user request unit which issues a request for performing a data operation on a predetermined logical address, a conversion unit which converts the predetermined logical address into a physical address, and a control unit which performs the data operation on the physical address and records inverted data of data written to the predetermined logical address in an index area to indicate whether the data written to the predetermined logical address is valid.

Abstract: A method of re-mapping a flash memory, which minimizes the number of times the flash memory, is accessed and helps to evenly use the entire area of the flash memory, is provided. The method includes arranging a plurality of physical units yet to be mapped according to their erase count values, and sequentially mapping the physical units to a logic unit in such a manner that a physical unit having a smaller erase count value is mapped to the logic unit ahead of a physical unit having a larger erase count value.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device and method for storing status information using multiple strings are provided. The nonvolatile memory device and method allow the status information to be stored using multiple strings. The nonvolatile memory includes a cell capable of storing at least one bit of data, a plurality of strings in each of which at least two cells are connected in series, and a plurality of pages each of which includes a plurality of cells, wherein the strings comprise a main string group comprised of strings storing data and a spare string group including at least two spare strings that store status information on the data stored in the main string group.

Abstract: Provided are a data management apparatus and method used for a flash memory, which can guarantee predetermined response time by expecting when a user will receive a response to his or her request for performing a data operation on the flash memory. The data management apparatus includes an operation determination unit which determines operations required for performing a data operation on a flash memory, the data operation being requested by a user using a user program, an operation registration unit with which an operation list including the operations determined to be required for performing the requested data operation on the flash memory is registered, and an operation processing unit which selects one of the operations included in the operation list registered with the operation registration unit and performs the selected operation.

Abstract: A data recovery apparatus and method used for a flash memory, which can recover data damaged or lost when power supplied to the flash memory is cut off while data operations are being consecutively performed on at least one data stored in the flash memory. The data recovery apparatus performs a data operation at each of a plurality of consecutive logical addresses, and if the data operations performed at the logical addresses are successful, records a mark value in a last index area of a plurality of consecutive index areas respectively corresponding to the consecutive logical addresses.

Abstract: A page replacement method is provided. The page replacement method includes (a) establishing a first page list in which a plurality of pages in a main memory are listed in an order that they have been used, (b) establishing a second page list in which some of the pages in the main memory whose images are stored in a storage medium are listed in an order that they have been used, and (c) storing data downloaded from the storage medium in the pages included in the second page list in an order opposite to the order that the corresponding pages are listed in the second page list.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reorganizing mapping information in a flash memory are provided. The apparatus includes a sector-managing module that secures a mapping sector where mapping information is recorded in a physical unit, and determines whether user data is recorded up to a sector located in a predetermined position, and a mapping-information-recording module that records the mapping information in the mapping sector according to a result of the determination. Here, the mapping information includes a relation of a physical sector storing the user data and a logical sector corresponding to the physical sector.