Abstract: The present invention relates to an image encoding and decoding technique, and more particularly, to an image encoder and decoder using unidirectional prediction. The image encoder includes a dividing unit to divide a macro block into a plurality of sub-blocks, a unidirectional application determining unit to determine whether an identical prediction mode is applied to each of the plurality of sub-blocks, and a prediction mode determining unit to determine a prediction mode with respect to each of the plurality of sub-blocks based on a determined result of the unidirectional application determining unit.

Abstract: A vehicle data collecting apparatus includes a file receiver for receiving an extensible markup language (XML) script file, an XML parser for extracting data format information for each vehicle model and network by parsing the XML script file received. A controller is configured to control a data collector so as to collect vehicle data base on the data format information extracted and the data collector collects the vehicle data through the controller. The vehicle data collecting system may flexibly collect vehicle data regardless of a data format which depends on a vehicle model and vehicle network by collecting the vehicle data based on the extensible markup language (XML) script file generated by a managing server.

Abstract: A vehicle information providing apparatus provides vehicle information based on a message policy script including a message ID containing data required by each of multiple services, location and length of data in a message, and an interval at which the data is required by each of the services. The apparatus provides messages by filtering the message ID or the interval, or creates and provides a new message containing necessary data only.