Abstract: A solar cell is provided that increases a rate of sunlight absorbed into a photoelectric conversion layer by forming a transparent conductive layer into a plurality of layers having different oxygen contents and different light absorption coefficients, and a manufacturing method thereof. The solar cell includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer. The transparent conductive layer includes a first layer having a first light absorption coefficient, and a second layer formed on the first layer and having a second light absorption coefficient higher than the first light absorption coefficient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photovoltaic conversion apparatus including a by-pass diode and a manufacturing method thereof. The photovoltaic conversion apparatus of the present invention comprises at least one unit solar cell module configured of at least one unit solar cell; and a by-pass solar cell module including at least one solar cell electrically connected to the unit solar cell to by-pass current. According to the present invention, a photovoltaic conversion apparatus having high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be manufactured. Also, the photovoltaic conversion apparatus will contribute to earths environmental conservation as the next clean energy source and can be directly applied to private facilities, public facilities, military facilities, etc., to create enormous economic value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solar cell that increases a rate of sunlight absorbed into a photoelectric conversion layer by forming a transparent conductive layer into a plurality of layers having different oxygen contents and different light absorbing coefficients and a manufacturing method thereof. The solar cell of the present invention includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the transparent conductive layer comprises a first layer having a first light absorbing coefficient; and a second layer that is formed on the first layer and has a second light absorbing coefficient higher than the first light absorbing coefficient.

Abstract: A field emission display including a first substrate and a second substrate opposing one another with a predetermined gap therebetween. An electron emission assembly is formed on the first substrate that emits electrons by the formation of an electric field. An illumination assembly is formed on the second substrate that realizes the display of images by the emitted electrons. A grid plate is mounted between the first and second substrates and functions to focus the emitted electrons. The grid plate includes a mask section having a plurality of apertures for passing the electrons, and supports mounted to one side of the mask section and extending in a direction toward the first substrate to rest on the same and support the mask section. The mask section and the supports are made of same material or two different materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flat panel display device for preventing a grid electrode from causing alignment error and being distorted due to thermal expansion and contraction. The grid electrode includes a mask portion with apertures through which electrons may pass, and fixtures arranged external to the mask portion with a predetermined margin for allowing thermal expansion and contraction of the mask portion. The fixtures are arranged symmetrical to each other up and down as well as left and right. The fixtures fix the mask portion such that the expansion and the extraction of the mask portion proceed opposite to one another.

Abstract: A negative ion generator using a carbon fiber can facilitate its manufacturing process, improve negative ion generation efficiency and implement improved antimicrobial and sterilizing functions by distributing metallic particles in an activated carbon fiber and then applying a voltage thereto. To this end, the negative ion generator comprises: a carbon fiber in which metallic particles are distributed; an electrode connected to the carbon fiber and applying a voltage thereto; and a power unit for supplying power to the electrode.

Abstract: A field emission display including a first substrate and a second substrate opposing one another with a predetermined gap therebetween. An electron emission assembly is formed on the first substrate that emits electrons by the formation of an electric field. An illumination assembly is formed on the second substrate that realizes the display of images by the emitted electrons. A grid plate is mounted between the first and second substrates and functions to focus the emitted electrons. The grid plate includes a mask section having a plurality of apertures for passing the electrons, and supports mounted to one side of the mask section and extending in a direction toward the first substrate to rest on the same and support the mask section. The mask section and the supports are made of same material or two different materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flat panel display device for preventing a grid electrode from causing alignment error and being distorted due to thermal expansion and contraction. The grid electrode includes a mask portion with apertures through which electrons may pass, and fixtures arranged external to the mask portion with a predetermined margin for allowing thermal expansion and contraction of the mask portion. The fixtures are arranged symmetrical to each other up and down as well as left and right. The fixtures fix the mask portion such that the expansion and the extraction of the mask portion proceed opposite to one another.