Abstract: A pixel array including: a plurality of pixel groups, each pixel group including: a plurality of unit pixels respectively including photoelectric conversion elements disposed in a semiconductor substrate; trench structures disposed in the semiconductor substrate and extending in a vertical direction from a first surface of the semiconductor substrate to a second surface of the semiconductor substrate to electrically and optically separate the photoelectric conversion elements from each other; and a microlens disposed above or below the semiconductor substrate, the microlens covering all of the photoelectric conversion elements in the plurality of unit pixels to focus an incident light to the photoelectric conversion elements.

Abstract: An image sensor is disclosed. The image sensor may include pixel groups, which are two-dimensionally arranged on a substrate, and each of the pixel groups including a plurality of pixels. The image sensor may also include a light-blocking pattern, which is disposed on the substrate and between the pixels. The pixel groups may include first image pixel groups sensing a first light, second image pixel groups sensing a second light, and an auto-focus (AF) pixel group detecting a phase. The AF pixel group may include a first AF pixel and a second AF pixel adjacent to each other, and the light-blocking pattern may be absent on the substrate between the first AF pixel and the second AF pixel.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle includes an engine; a drive motor; a battery; an electric supercharger configured to be installed in an intake line in which an intake air supplied to a combustion chamber of the engine flows; a navigation device configure to calculate a driving path from a starting point to a destination point and driving information; a controller configure to calculate a driving load from the driving path and the driving information calculated by the navigation device, determine an optimal SOC (state of charge) for each section from the starting point to destination point based on the driving load, determine a driving mode of the vehicle based on a required torque of driver and a driving mode of the battery to follow the optimal SOC for each section, and adjust an operating point of the engine.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate including a main display area and a component area. The component area includes an auxiliary display area and a transmission area. Main display elements are disposed in the main display area. Auxiliary display elements are disposed in the component area. A thin-film encapsulation layer covers the main display elements and the auxiliary display elements. An optical functional layer is disposed on the thin-film encapsulation layer and includes a polarization layer. The polarization layer includes a first portion disposed in the transmission area and a second portion disposed in the main display area and the auxiliary display area.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate including a first substrate, a first connection electrode disposed on the first substrate, and connected to a first transistor, a first spacer disposed on the first connection electrode, and including a conductive material, a first light emitting element disposed on the first spacer, and a second light emitting element disposed on the first substrate, and connected to a second transistor.

Abstract: An apparatus of controlling a vehicle and a method thereof are provided. The operating region of an engine is operated with theoretical air-fuel ratio. The apparatus includes a supercharger that supplies compressed air to a the combustion chamber of the engine and a spark plug that ignites mixed air supplied to the combustion chamber. An intake valve selectively opens and closes the combustion chamber for inflowing the mixed air therein. A variable valve apparatus adjusts an opening timing and closing timing of the intake valve and a controller adjusts an ignition timing of the spark plug and the closing timing of the intake valve through the variable valve apparatus based on the operating region of the engine.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a substrate; an insulating layer on the substrate and including a first opening; a plurality of first electrodes on the insulating layer, not overlapping the first opening, and spaced apart from each other; an emission layer on each of the plurality of first electrodes without overlapping the first opening; an intermediate layer including the emission layer; a second electrode on the intermediate layer; an encapsulation layer on the second electrode; and a polarization layer on the encapsulation layer and including a second opening overlapping the first opening.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: an electronic module; a display panel disposed on the electronic module and including a first display region and a second display region adjacent to the first display region, the second display region overlapping the electronic module; and a polarization plate disposed on the display panel and including a first polarization region overlapping the first display region and a second polarization region including a polarization part and a non-polarization part having higher light transmittance than the polarization part, the non-polarization part overlapping the second display region.

Abstract: A mask includes a first mask that includes a first long side that extends in a first direction and a first short side that extends in a second direction that crosses the first direction and that includes a first edge portion, a first center portion, and a first welded portion, that are sequentially arranged in the first direction. The mask further includes a second mask that includes a second long side that extends in the first direction and a second short side that extends in the second direction and that includes a second welded portion, a second center portion, and a second edge portion, that are sequentially arranged in the first direction. The first welded portion is in contact with the second welded portion.

Abstract: An apparatus of controlling a vehicle and a method thereof are provided. The operating region of an engine is operated with theoretical air-fuel ratio. The apparatus includes a supercharger that supplies compressed air to a the combustion chamber of the engine and a spark plug that ignites mixed air supplied to the combustion chamber. An intake valve selectively opens and closes the combustion chamber for inflowing the mixed air therein. A variable valve apparatus adjusts an opening timing and closing timing of the intake valve and a controller adjusts an ignition timing of the spark plug and the closing timing of the intake valve through the variable valve apparatus based on the operating region of the engine.

Abstract: A heat resistant ABS thermoplastic molding composition with reduced odor can be employed for automotive interior applications if it comprises a graft copolymer (A) based on a diene rubber latex substrate with a SAN graft sheath; a SAN matrix polymer (B) and specific amounts of additives such as fatty acid amides or fatty acid esters,metal oxides such as MgO, CaO or ZnO, antioxidants and a silicon oil having a kinematic viscosity in the range of from 25000 to 80000 centi Stokes.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer patterned into a red emission layer and a green emission layer for a corresponding sub-pixel, wherein the red emission layer includes a red dopant having a horizontal dipole moment, and the green emission layer comprises a green dopant having a horizontal dipole moment, and the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant is greater than the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display device includes: a substrate; a first electrode including a first sub-electrode and a second sub-electrode spaced apart from each other and on the substrate; a first light emitting unit on the first electrode; a charge generation unit on the first light emitting unit; a second light emitting unit on the charge generation unit; and a second electrode on the second light emitting unit, wherein the first light emitting unit comprises a first light emitting layer correspondingly on the first sub-electrode; and a second light emitting layer correspondingly on the second sub-electrode, wherein the second light emitting unit comprises a third light emitting layer correspondingly on the first light emitting layer; and a fourth light emitting layer correspondingly on the second light emitting layer.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing an electronic device includes the steps of: providing a display panel; providing a polarizer including a polarizer layer at an outermost layer thereof on the display panel; irradiating a laser beam onto a portion of the polarizer layer; and providing a substantially neutral solution having a temperature from about 5° C. to about 40° C. onto the portion of the polarizer layer irradiated with the laser beam.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode opposing the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the interlayer includes an emission layer, a first emission auxiliary layer, a second emission auxiliary layer, and a hole transport region, the hole transport region is disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer, the first emission auxiliary layer and the second emission auxiliary layer are disposed between the emission layer and the hole transport region, the first emission auxiliary layer includes a first compound, the second emission auxiliary layer includes a second compound, the hole transport region includes a hole transport compound, and the first compound and the hole transport compound satisfy the Equation 1, as defined herein.

Abstract: A display panel including a main display area and a component area having an auxiliary display area and a transmission area, a substrate, a plurality of main display elements arranged on the substrate in the main display area, and a plurality of main pixel circuits respectively connected to the main display elements, a plurality of auxiliary display elements arranged on the substrate in the auxiliary display area, and a plurality of auxiliary pixel circuits respectively connected to the auxiliary display elements, and an optical functional layer including a polarization area corresponding to the main display area and the auxiliary display area, and a non-polarization area corresponding to the transmission area.

Abstract: Provided is a display device including a display panel and a polarization member on the display panel, wherein the polarization member includes a polarizer, and a plurality of functional layers on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein at least one of the plurality of functional layers includes a first light absorbing dye that absorbs light having a wavelength of greater than about 380 nm and equal to or less than about 450 nm.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device and a display apparatus including the organic light-emitting device includes a light emitting layer having one or more host materials having unexpectedly low driving voltage, high efficiency and a long life span.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold may include first to fourth exhaust pipes respectively connected to first to fourth cylinders which is sequentially disposed in an engine, the exhaust manifold may include a first exhaust manifold including the second exhaust pipe connected to the second cylinder and the third exhaust pipe connected to the third cylinder; a second exhaust manifold including the first exhaust pipe connected to the first cylinder, the fourth exhaust pipe connected to the fourth cylinder and the first exhaust pipe, and a recirculation valve apparatus mounted in the first exhaust pipe; wherein the second exhaust pipe and the third exhaust pipe are directly connected to a converter housing for mounting a catalytic converter in which purifies exhaust gas, and wherein the fourth exhaust pipe is connected to the first exhaust pipe at upstream of the recirculation valve, and the first exhaust pipe is directly connected to the converter housing.

Abstract: An display device including a substrate, an organic light-emitting diode, and a thin film encapsulation layer. The organic light-emitting diode is disposed on the substrate. The thin film encapsulation layer is disposed on the organic light-emitting diode. The thin film encapsulation layer includes at least one inorganic layer, at least one organic layer, and a first refractive-index control layer. The at least one organic layer is alternately disposed with the at least one inorganic layer. The first refractive-index layer is disposed between one of the at least one inorganic layer and one of the at least one organic layer disposed adjacent to each other. The first refractive-index control layer has a refractive-index variation ratio per unit length (?n/nm) from about 0.001/nm to about 0.002/nm along a direction from the organic light-emitting diode toward the thin film encapsulation layer.