Abstract: The inventive concept provides a method for treating a substrate. The method includes removing a film on the substrate by applying a pulsed laser to the rotating substrate, in which thickness of the film to be removed is measured and pulse energy of the pulsed laser is selected based on the measured thickness of the film.

Abstract: An electromagnetic induction heating apparatus for heating an aerosol-forming article of an electronic cigarette includes: a power supply unit configured to supply DC power; a power amplifier including a switch unit comprising a pair of transistor switches having a differential structure and receiving DC power from the power supply unit, and a parallel-structured LC resonant network including a resonant inductor connected to an output terminal of the switch unit and electromagnetically inductively coupled with an inductor component of a heat-generating body for heating the aerosol-forming article of the electronic cigarette, and a resonant capacitor connected in parallel to the resonant inductor; and a driving unit configured to adjust a temperature of the heat-generating body by adjusting an operating frequency of the switch unit of the power amplifier to control an amount of current of the resonant inductor electromagnetically inductively coupled with the inductor component of the heat-generating body.

Abstract: An encoding/decoding apparatus and method for controlling a channel signal is disclosed, wherein the encoding apparatus may include an encoder to encode an object signal, a channel signal, and rendering information for the channel signal, and a bit stream generator to generate, as a bit stream, the encoded object signal, the encoded channel signal, and the encoded rendering information for the channel signal.

Abstract: A cell transformation cartridge according to the present invention includes a body unit, in which a cell flow path, a material flow path, and a resultant flow path that meet one another are formed; and an electric field forming unit, which includes an electrode being connected to the body unit to create an electric field in a resultant flow path, wherein the cell flow path and the material flow path are formed in a shape that converges to the resultant flow path, wherein the resultant flow path includes a mixing flow path extending from a location being connected to the cell flow path and the material flow path, and wherein the thickness of the mixing flow path is smaller than that of the cell flow path.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically inspecting the welding state of a battery module is configured to inspect welding states of welding parts of a plurality of leads for electrical connection based on a deep penetration inspection using application of eddy current to the welding parts of the leads.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides transmitter circuits and display devices including the same. In some embodiments, the transmitter circuit includes a run length detector, a modifier, and a scrambler. The run length detector is configured to derive position information indicating a first input data related to a threshold run length from among a plurality of input data in a predetermined bit unit, when a run length of first scrambled data for the first input data meets or exceeds the threshold run length in the predetermined bit unit. The modifier is configured to generate modified input data by inverting at least one bit of the first input data based on the position information. The scrambler is configured to receive the modified input data from the modifier, and generate second scrambled data by scrambling the modified input data with scrambling information.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to a concept of the disclosure includes: a display panel configured to display an image in a front direction; a top chassis positioned in a front direction of the display panel; a bottom chassis positioned in a rear direction of the display panel; a rear cover covering a rear side of the bottom chassis; and a stand member being accommodatable in the rear cover and selectively coupled with a rear surface of the rear cover, wherein the rear cover includes an accommodating portion in which the stand member is accommodated and a coupling portion coupled with the stand member, and the stand member includes an inserting protrusion which is inserted into the accommodating portion and the coupling portion.

Abstract: A transition dichalcogenide homojunction structure may include a lower high resistance layer including a plurality of PtX2 layers and an upper low resistance layer which includes the plurality of PtX2 layers and has different thickness and number of growth layers from the lower high resistance layer. And the lower high resistance layer and the upper low resistance layer may form a homojunction. The heat transfer characteristic of the lower high resistance layer may increase by the interface induced Seebeck effect with the upper low resistance layer. The transition dichalcogenide homojunction structure may generate the interface induced Seebeck effect at the interface of the homojunction to generate a thermal voltage. Further, the transition metal dichalcogenide homojunction structure may measure the Seebeck effect of the lower high resistance layer using the upper low resistance layer without separate measurement equipment.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises: a first or a second path configured to transmit a first signal which swings between a ground level and a first level, a third path configured to transmit a second signal which swings between the ground level and a second level lower than the first level, a transmitter configured to output received the first signal through the first or second path as the second signal to the third path, and initialize in response to an enable signal, and a receiver configured to output received the second signal through the third path as the first signal through the first or second path, determine level of the second signal through a reference level that is regulated according to a fed-back level of an output terminal thereof, and initialize in response to the enable signal.

Abstract: An appliance includes a camera for calibrating and determining whether the door of the appliance is in a closed position. A controller is operably coupled to the camera. The controller is configured for obtaining one or more images of the appliance chamber or door. An artificial intelligence image recognition process is used to perform image classification and establish a baseline image to determine whether subsequent closing of the appliance door is successful. In the event of a failure to obtain the baseline image or a determination that the door is not closed, operation of the appliance may be disabled.

Abstract: A process, apparatus, and cyclopropenimine (CPI) material for generating metal carbonates are disclosed. Generating the metal carbonates comprises reacting carbon dioxide (CO2) with CPI. Generating the metal carbonates also comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising water, metal cations, and a product of the reacting.

Abstract: A process, apparatus, and material for generating polymers are disclosed. Generating the polymers comprises reacting carbon dioxide (CO2) with a cyclopropenimine (CPI). Generating the polymers further comprises reacting monomers with a product of the reaction between the CPI and the CO2.

Abstract: A process, composition, and apparatus for carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion are disclosed. The CO2 conversion comprises reacting CO2 with a cyclopropenimine (CPI) to activate the CO2 and transferring the activated CO2 to generate a product of the transferring. The transferring also generates a conjugate acid of the CPI. The process further comprises regenerating the CPI from the conjugate acid.

Abstract: Provided is an invention capable of securing versatility and precision in admittance control and enabling target force control on a surface of an object having a different property, in which a mutual contact force-based compensation method is used in the existing admittance control method to output a target force. To this end, the present disclosure provides a compensation algorithm that changes according to a mutual contact force with an object having a different physical property and mass-spring-damper parameters using data acquired while controlling a force input from a robot is provided. In addition, the present disclosure automatically performs tuning on coefficients related to a factor of a robot force control based on data obtained by executing a mutual contact force-based compensation in the conventional admittance control.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for editing 3D SLAM data according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure directly edits a key frame or an edge of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) data by the user's manipulation, optimizes a pose graph of the 3D SLAM data based on the key frame and the edge edited by the user's manipulation, and generates a 2D grid map corresponding to the 3D SLAM data based on the updated 3D SLAM data to improve the convenience of the user for editing the 3D SLAM data.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes: a conveyor belt configured to have an outer surface on which a bottom surface of a substrate is seated; and a polishing head unit configured to face an upper surface of the substrate, wherein the polishing head unit includes: a polishing head connected to a driver; a polishing pad configured to face the polishing head; a polishing pad fixing ring disposed between the polishing head and the polishing pad; and a temperature sensor configured to overlap the polishing pad fixing ring and to be spaced apart from the polishing pad fixing ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technical idea for providing a delivery service on regular and irregular roads using autonomous vehicles. More specifically, the present invention relates to technology in which, on a regular road, a lead vehicle and at least one droid vehicle are coupled to each other and a delivery service is provided based on autonomous driving; and on an irregular road, the coupling between the lead vehicle and the droid vehicle is automatically released and the droid vehicle provides a delivery service by remotely controlling the driving of the droid vehicle by the lead vehicle in the last mile delivery section corresponding to the irregular road.

Abstract: Disclosed are various methods for transmitting or receiving data or control information having high reliability conditions. A method for operating a terminal which transmits uplink control information (UCI) includes: a step of generating UCI; a step of comparing the priority of an uplink (UL) control channel for the transmission of the UCI with the priority of a UL data channel when some symbols of the UL control channel and the UL data channel overlap; and a step of selecting the UL channel having a higher priority among the UL control channel and the UL data channel, and transmitting the UCI to a base station through the selected UL channel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a hybrid multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar concept. Via a first subset of a plurality of transmit channels and during a first time interval, first frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar signals are con-currently transmitted with different phase offsets among different transmit channels of the first subset in accordance with a first predefined code division multiplexing scheme. Via a second subset of the transmit channels and during a second time interval subsequent to the first time interval, second FMCW radar signals are concurrently transmitted with different phase offsets among different transmit channels of the second subset in accordance with a second predefined code division multiplexing scheme.

Abstract: A roof airbag for a vehicle is proposed. The roof airbag for a vehicle has an airbag cushion configured to be unfolded downward from an inner roof to protect a passenger seated on a seat, and the airbag cushion has a shape bent toward the passenger by a main tether and a sub-tether, thus securing a restraining force for the passenger and safely protecting the passenger from an impact, and the airbag cushion is unfolded downward while avoiding insertion between a roof-side portion of the roof and a headlining by the sub-tether. Specifically, the airbag cushion is prevented from being transversally contracted and an unfolding shape of the airbag cushion is maintained. Furthermore, the fluidity of a gas flow in the airbag cushion is secured, so that the airbag cushion is rapidly unfolded.