Abstract: Disclosed are three-dimensional nanocone film layers and associated devices. The nanocone film layers exhibit desirable properties such as anti-reflection, hydrophobicity, and low cost production. The nanocone film layers can be utilized to cover the surface of a photovoltaic cell and provide benefits to the photovoltaic cell such as enhance its light absorption capability, provide protection from moisture, increase efficiency of converting light to electricity, facilitate self-cleaning, and other such benefits. Furthermore, in an aspect, methods of fabricating three-dimensional nanocone film layers are disclosed herein.