Abstract: A display device includes PAM data lines receiving PAM and PWM data voltages, and sub-pixels connected to the PAM and PWM data lines. A sub-pixel includes a light emitting element, a first pixel driver to supply a control current according to one of the PAM data voltages to a node, a second pixel driver to generate a driving current according to one of the PWM data voltages, and a third pixel driver to adjust a period during which the driving current is supplied to the light emitting element according to a voltage of the node. A peak current value of the driving current when the sub-pixel emits a light corresponding to a low gray level region is smaller than a peak current value of the driving current when the sub-pixel emits a light corresponding to a high gray level region higher than the low gray level region.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a plurality of emission areas respectively corresponding to a plurality of subpixels for displaying an image, a plurality of light emitting elements respectively located in the plurality of emission areas of a first surface of the substrate and respectively corresponding to the plurality of subpixels, a first planarization layer on the first surface of the substrate and covering the plurality of light emitting elements, and an array layer on the first planarization layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a scan write line, a PWM emission line, a PAM emission line, a sweep signal line, a first data line, a second data line, and a subpixel connected thereto, and including a light emitting element, a first pixel driver to supply a control current to a node according to the first data voltage in response to the PWM emission signal, a second pixel driver to generate a driving current according to the second data voltage in response to the PWM emission signal, and a third pixel driver to supply the driving current to the light emitting element according to the PAM emission signal and a voltage of the node, wherein the PWM emission signal includes a plurality of PWM pulses, the PAM emission signal includes a plurality of PAM pulses, and a number of the PWM pulses is greater than a number of the PAM pulses.

Abstract: A display device includes connection lines, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) data lines configured to receive pulse width modulation (PWM) data voltages, PWM data lines configured to receive the PWM data voltages, a first connection control line configured to receive a first connection control signal, a second connection control line configured to receive a second connection control signal, subpixels connected to the PWM data lines and the PAM data lines, and a first demultiplexer (demux) unit configured to connect the connection lines to the PAM data lines or to the PWM data lines according to the first connection control signal and the second connection control signal.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first insulating layer, a first pad embedded in one surface side of the first insulating layer and having one surface exposed from one surface of the first insulating layer, and a first surface treatment layer disposed on the exposed one surface of the first pad. A boundary surface between the first pad and the first surface treatment layer is substantially coplanar with the one surface of the first insulating layer.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method are provided. The method includes receiving first content data corresponding to a first broadcasting channel while receiving second content data corresponding to a second broadcasting channel; and outputting at least a part of the received first content data to a display connected to the electronic device.

Abstract: A message polling method and a system using an instant messenger are provided. The method includes executing the instant messenger, and connecting to a server, when a polling period has elapsed, and attempting to acquire a message. The polling period is set as an average time with respect to a time that elapsed until successfully acquiring each of one or more messages during a preset polling period determining interval. The method and system can dynamically set a polling period by determining, as the polling period, an average time calculated from a time that is required to successfully acquire each of one or more messages during a preset polling-period determining interval. This allows the client to reduce the consumption of electrical power of the battery and to minimize the cost of data packets used.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for emotion recognition based on a minimum classification error. In the method, a speaker's neutral emotion is extracted using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), other emotions except the neutral emotion are classified using the Gaussian Mixture Model to which a discriminative weight for minimizing the loss function of a classification error for the feature vector for emotion recognition is applied. In the emotion recognition, the emotion recognition is performed by applying a discriminative weight evaluated using the Gaussian Mixture Model based on minimum classification error to feature vectors of the emotion classified with difficult, thereby enhancing the performance of emotion recognition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for emotion recognition based on a minimum classification error. In the method, a speaker's neutral emotion is extracted using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), other emotions except the neutral emotion are classified using the Gaussian Mixture Model to which a discriminative weight for minimizing the loss function of a classification error for the feature vector for emotion recognition is applied. In the emotion recognition, the emotion recognition is performed by applying a discriminative weight evaluated using the Gaussian Mixture Model based on minimum classification error to feature vectors of the emotion classified with difficult, thereby enhancing the performance of emotion recognition.