Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for image encoding, the apparatus including: a transmitter memory configured to store a program for encoding a stereoscopic 3D image; and an encoding processor configured to execute the program stored in the transmitter memory, wherein the encoding processor is configured to: generate a first stream and a second stream from a left image and a down-converted right image, decode the first stream and the second stream to generate a decoded left image and a first decoded right image; generate a third stream from the decoded left image, the first decoded right image, and an original right image, and decode the third stream to generate a second decoded right image; and generate a fourth stream from the second decoded right image and the original right image.

Abstract: An anode composition for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a metal-doped silicon oxide (SiOx, 0<x<2) particle satisfying Equation 1 and including a metal silicate area on a surface portion thereof, and an organic acid. Thus, gas generation and viscosity change rate of the composition are reduced to improve life-span property.

Abstract: Provided herein is a mutant microorganism containing a methylmalonyl-CoA reductase-encoding gene having an activity of converting methylmalonyl-CoA to methylmalonate semialdehyde and uses of the mutant microorganism. The mutant microorganism includes a gene encoding kingdom Archaea-derived methylmalonyl-CoA reductase.