Abstract: Liquid crystal display devices include a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell having first and second surfaces that extend opposite each other and contain a liquid crystal material therein having negative dielectric anisotropy. First and second polarizers are attached to the first and second surfaces of the liquid crystal cell, respectively. A first a-plate compensation film and a first c-plate compensation film are provided. These films are disposed between the first surface of the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizer. The direction having a largest refractive index in the first a-plate compensation film is parallel to or perpendicular to a polarizing direction of the first polarizer.

Abstract: A tetragonal ring shape aperture is formed in the common electrode on one substrate and a cross shape aperture is formed at the position corresponding to the center of the tetragonal ring shape aperture in the pixel electrode on the other substrate. A liquid crystal layer between two electrodes are divided to four domains where the directors of the liquid crystal layer have different angles when a voltage is applied to the electrodes. The directors in adjacent domains make a right angle. The tetragonal ring shape aperture is broken at midpoint of each side of the tetragon, and the width of the aperture decreases as goes from the bent point to the edge. Wide viewing angle is obtained by four domains where the directors of the liquid crystal layer indicate different directions, disclination is removed and luminance increases.

Abstract: Two electrodes parallel to each other are formed on one of two substrates, homeotropic alignment films are formed on the substrates and a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected between the substrates. When a voltage is appled to the two electrodes, a parabolic electric field between the electrodes drives the liquid crystal molecules. Since the generated electric field is symmetrical with respect to the boundary-plane equal distance from each of the two electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are symmetrically aligned with respect to the boundary-plane, and the optical characteristic is compensated in both regions divided by the boundary-plane, thereby obtaining a wide viewing angle. The electric field does not exert influences on the liquid crystal molecules on the boundary-plane since the electric field on the boundary-plane is parallel to the substrates and perpendicular to the two electrodes and thus, it is perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: Liquid crystal material is interposed between an upper panel and a lower panel. The lower panel includes signal transmitting wires including a gate wire and a data wire, thin film transistors connected to the signal transmitting wires and pixel electrodes connected to the thin film transistors, and the upper panel includes color filters, a black matrix and a common electrode. The pixel electrodes and the common electrode have apertures partitioning the pixel electrode into several domains. In addition, the director of liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal material is aligned perpendicular to the upper panel and the lower panel in absence of electric field between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material has a value ranging ?4.0 to ?5.5.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate having a plurality of pixels, a second substrate facing the first substrate, polarizing plates attached to outer surfaces of the two substrates, and a liquid crystal material injected into the gap between the two substrates, molecules of the liquid crystal material being initially aligned perpendicularly to the substrates. Each pixel is divided into a plurality of domains distinguished by an average alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules included therein when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal material. On average, liquid crystal molecules located at an edge of the domains are aligned symmetrically to each other with respect to a boundary of the domains. Polarizing directions of the polarizing plates are either perpendicular or parallel to each other, but neither parallel nor perpendicular to at least one of the average alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules of the domains.

Abstract: Apertures are formed in the common electrode or in the pixel electrode of a liquid crystal display to form a fringe field. Storage capacitor electrodes are formed at the position corresponding to the apertures to prevent the light leakage due to the disclination caused by the fringe field. The apertures extend horizontally vertically or obliquely. The apertures in adjacent pixel regions may have different directions to widen the viewing angle.

Abstract: Two electrodes in parallel with each other are formed on one of two substrates, homeotropic alignment films are formed on the substrates and a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected between the substrates. When the voltage is applied to the two electrodes, a parabolic electric field between the electrodes drives the liquid crystal molecules. Since the electric field generated is symmetrical with respect to the boundary-plane equal distance from each of the two electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are symmetrically aligned with respect to the boundary-plane. The electric field does not exert influences the liquid crystal molecules on the boundary-plane since the electric field on the boundary-plane is parallel with the substrates and perpendicular to the two electrodes; and thus, it is perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display substrate, comprising a first substrate including at least one substantial region, a dummy region adjacent the at least one substantial region, a plurality of first spacers and a first sealant positioned in the at least one substantial region, and a plurality of second spacers and a second sealant positioned in the dummy region, wherein each of the plurality of second spacers are spaced apart from one another at a uniform distance, and the second sealant is capable of being positioned in at least one open area created by spacing the second spacers apart from one another.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel, a c-plate mono-axial compensating film, first and second polarizing plates. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode, and liquid crystal interposed between the first and second substrates. The liquid crystal is vertically aligned when no electrical filed is applied between the first and second electrodes. The c-plate mono-axial compensating film is disposed on the first substrate. The first polarizing plate is disposed on the c-plate mono-axial compensating film. The second polarizing plate is disposed on the second substrate. A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention has reduced thickness, weight. Further, the liquid crystal display device has increased luminance and broadened viewing angle.

Abstract: A tetragonal ring shape aperture is formed in the common electrode on one substrate and a cross shape aperture is formed at the position corresponding to the center of the tetragonal ring shape aperture in the pixel electrode on the other substrate. A liquid crystal layer between two electrodes are divided to four domains where the directors of the liquid crystal layer have different angles when a voltage is applied to the electrodes. The directors in adjacent domains make a right angle. The tetragonal ring shape aperture is broken at midpoint of each side of the tetragon, and the width of the aperture decreases as goes from the bent point to the edge. Wide viewing angle is obtained by four domains where the directors of the liquid crystal layer indicate different directions, disclination is removed and luminance increases.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a first panel; a second panel facing the first panel; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first panel and the second panel; a biaxial compensation film disposed on an outer surface of the first panel; a first polarizing film disposed on an outer surface of the biaxial compensation film; a C-plate uniaxial compensator disposed on an outer surface of the second panel and having a horizontal retardation lower than about 10 nm; and a second polarizing film disposed on an outer surface of the C-plate uniaxial compensator.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprises: first and second panels facing each other; a compensation film and a first polarizer disposed on the first panel, the compensation film having phase retardation characteristics; and a second polarizer having a supporting film disposed on the second panel, the supporting film having phase retardation characteristics. In alternative embodiments, a supporting film is used in place of the compensation film. The supporting film has retardation characteristics.

Abstract: A tetragonal ring shape aperture is formed in the common electrode on one substrate and a cross shape aperture is formed at the position corresponding to the center of the tetragonal ring shape aperture in the pixel electrode on the other substrate. A liquid crystal layer between two electrodes are divided to four domains where the directors of the liquid crystal layer have different angles when a voltage is applied to the electrodes. The directors in adjacent domains make a right angle. The tetragonal ring shape aperture is broken at midpoint of each side of the tetragon, and the width of the aperture decreases as goes from the bent point to the edge. Wide viewing angle is obtained by four domains where the directors of the liquid crystal layer indicate different directions, disclination is removed and luminance increases.

Abstract: Apertures are formed in the common electrode or in the pixel electrode of a liquid crystal display to form a fringe field. Storage capacitor electrodes are formed at the position corresponding to the apertures to prevent the light leakage due to the disclination caused by the fringe field. The apertures extend horizontally, vertically or obliquely. The apertures in adjacent pixel regions may have different directions to widen the viewing angle.

Abstract: Two electrodes parallel to each other are formed on one of two substrates, homeotropic alignment films are formed on the substrates and a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected between the substrates. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, a parabolic electric field between the electrodes drives the liquid crystal molecules. Since the generated electric field is symmetrical with respect to the boundary-plane equal distance from each of the two electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are symmetrically aligned with respect to the boundary-plane, and the optical characteristic is compensated in both regions divided by the boundary-plane, thereby obtaining a wide viewing angle. The electric field does not exert influences on the liquid crystal molecules on the boundary-plane since the electric field on the boundary-plane is parallel to the substrates and perpendicular to the two electrodes: and thus, it is perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device includes opposed first and second panels, defining a gap therebetween, the first and second panels including first and second electrodes, spaced laterally apart in the gap. A quantity of a liquid crystal material is disposed in the gap between the first and second panels, wherein a product of a refractive anisotropy of the liquid crystal material and the gap between the first and second panels is in a range between 0.36 &mgr;m and 0.45 &mgr;m. Preferably, the gap between the first and second panels is in a range between 4 &mgr;m and 5 &mgr;m, and the refractive anisotropy is in a range between 0.067 and 1.1016.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprises two parallel spaced substrates and a liquid crystal layer with negative dielectric anisotropy interposed between the substrates. The ratio d/p, the cell gap d between the substrates to the pitch p of the liquid crystal layer, is equal to or less than 0.3, and the retardation value &Dgr;n*d may be in the range of 0.25-0.4. In absence of electric field, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged vertically to the substrates, and when the sufficient electric field is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are parallel to the substrates and twisted by 90° from one substrate to the other.

Abstract: Two electrodes parallel to each other are formed on one of two substrates, homeotropic alignment films are formed on the substrates and a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected between the substrates. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, a parabolic electric field between the electrodes drives the liquid crystal molecules. Since the generated electric field is symmetrical with respect to the boundary-plane equal distance from each of the two electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are symmetrically aligned with respect to the boundary-plane, and the optical characteristic is compensated in both regions divided by the boundary-plane, thereby obtaining a wide viewing angle. The electric field does not exert influences on the liquid crystal molecules on the boundary-plane since the electric field on the boundary-plane is parallel to the substrates and perpendicular to the two electrodes: and thus, it is perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: Liquid crystal material is interposed between an upper panel and a lower panel. The lower panel includes signal transmitting wires including a gate wire and a data wire, thin film transistors connected to the signal transmitting wires and pixel electrodes connected to the thin film transistors, and the upper panel includes color filters, a black matrix and a common electrode. The pixel electrodes and the common electrode have apertures partitioning the pixel electrode into several domains. In addition, the director of liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal material is aligned perpendicular to the upper panel and the lower panel in absence of electric field between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material has a value ranging −4.0 to −5.5.

Abstract: An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device includes opposed first and second panels, defining a gap therebetween, the first and second panels including first and second electrodes, spaced laterally apart in the gap. A quantity of a liquid crystal material is disposed in the gap between the first and second panels, wherein a product of a refractive anisotropy of the liquid crystal material and the gap between the first and second panels is in a range between 0.36 &mgr;m and 0.45 &mgr;m. Preferably, the gap between the first and second panels is in a range between 4 &mgr;m and 5 &mgr;m, and the refractive anisotropy is in a range between 0.067 and 1.1016.