Abstract: A method and system determines a reference receiver for carrier phase differencing in a global navigation satellite system by first receiving measurements from at least five satellites at a set of antennas of a set of receivers. Right-hand circular polarization is applied at a first subset of antennas of a first subset of receivers and left-hand circular polarization is applied at a second subset of the antennas of a second subset of receivers to produce first and second phase lock loop (PLL) outputs. Line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight detection are applied to the first and second PLL outputs to indicate a presence of multipath. Then, whether or not the first subset of receivers are affected by multipath and polarization changing impairments are output, and carrier phase double differencing is performed using carrier phase measurements to indicate which receiver is used as a reference receiver for the carrier phase double differencing.

Abstract: The data are communicated from a transmitter to a receiver in a wireless communications network. Data symbols are modulated using a coded modulation to produce modulated symbols and the modulated symbols are precoded using a precoder matrix to produce precoded symbols. The precoder matrix is formed using a rotation matrix including phase angles for at least some elements of the rotation matrix with values determined according to a parametric function of indices of the elements storing the phase angles. Next, the data packets are formed using the precoded symbols and the data packets are transmitted over the wireless network. Multi-stage parametric phase precoding provides full-diversity and full-rate transmissions by using fast-transformable unitary matrices and deterministic diagonal phase rotation, whose phase angles are pre-determined to minimize the union bound for time-selective and frequency-selective fading channels.

Abstract: A nano capsule liquid crystal layer and a liquid crystal display having the same are provided. The nano capsule liquid crystal layer includes a buffer layer and a plurality of nano capsules disposed in the buffer layer. An inside of each of the nano capsules includes liquid crystal molecules, and additives each having a center molecule and at least two first peripheral molecules connected to the center molecule and spaced apart from each other, and that are mixed with the liquid crystal molecules. The first peripheral molecules have a same phase as the liquid crystal molecule.

Abstract: A switchable type display device includes: a display panel displaying an image; and a lens panel refracting or transmitting a light emitted from the display panel, the lens panel comprising: first and second substrates facing and spaced apart from each other; first and second electrodes on an inner surface of at least one of the first and second substrates; a lens layer between the first and second substrates; and a liquid crystal layer between the lens layer and one of the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal layer including a nano liquid crystal having a nano capsule filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A method assigns backhaul links in a cooperative wireless network including a control unit (CU) connected to a set of access points (APs) by a set of backhaul links, and wherein the APs are connected to an end user by wireless channels. A reliability of each backhaul link is determined to produce a set of reliabilities. A distance between each AP and the end user is determined to produce a set of distances. Using the set of reliabilities and the set of distances, probabilities of successful reception of a message transmitted from the CU to the end user via the backhaul links and the wireless channels are determined. Then, the backhaul links are assigned according to the probabilities of successful reception of the message by the end user.

Abstract: Provided herewith is a liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate; first and second electrodes on a first surface of the substrate, the first and second electrodes being spaced apart from each other; a liquid crystal capsule layer on the first and second electrodes; and a dielectric layer on the liquid crystal capsule layer. In this liquid crystal display device the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is lower than the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal capsule layer.

Abstract: A method for communicating a signal from a transmitting terminal to a receiving terminal determines a distance between the receiving terminal and an interfering terminal, commands the interfering terminal to stop its transmission when the distance is less than a threshold and transmits the signal to the receiving terminal.

Abstract: A method for decoding a symbol transmitted over a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel estimates channel state information (CSI) of the mmWave channel using a Bayesian inference on a test symbol according to a probabilistic model of the mmWave channel including statistics on paths and spread of mmWaves propagating in the mmWave channel and decodes a symbol received over the mmWave channel using the CSI.

Abstract: A method for communicating a signal from a transmitting terminal to a receiving terminal determines a distance between the receiving terminal and an interfering terminal, commands the interfering terminal to stop its transmission when the distance is less than a threshold and transmits the signal to the receiving terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device that may include a first substrate; a first electrode on the first substrate, the first electrode including a plurality of first inclined planes; a nanocapsule liquid crystal layer on the first electrode, the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer including a plurality of nano-sized capsules dispersed in a buffer layer, each of the plurality of nano-sized capsules including nematic liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy; and a second electrode on the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer, the second electrode including a plurality of second inclined planes facing the plurality of first inclined planes, wherein the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer is substantially, optically isotropic in a normal state, and is optically anisotropic when a voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device that may include a first substrate; a first electrode on the first substrate, the first electrode including a plurality of first inclined planes; a nanocapsule liquid crystal layer on the first electrode, the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer including a plurality of nano-sized capsules dispersed in a buffer layer, each of the plurality of nano-sized capsules including nematic liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy; and a second electrode on the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer, the second electrode including a plurality of second inclined planes facing the plurality of first inclined planes, wherein the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer is substantially, optically isotropic in a normal state, and is optically anisotropic when a voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A method decodes a block of data received over a communication channel. The method determines an initial estimate of bits in the block using a QR decomposition (QRD-M) method decoding the bits in the block sequentially by reducing an accumulated distance between the initial estimate and the bits of the block. Then, the method determines the block using a likelihood ascent (LAS) method that iteratively updates the bits of the block starting from the initial estimate.

Abstract: A navigation system includes a first navigation module for determining a first position and a second navigation module for determining a second position. The first and the second navigation modules are mechanically connected, such that the first position is dependent on the second position. Also, the first and the second navigation modules are communicatively connected to exchange information including at least one of the first and the second positions. At an instant of time during an operation of the navigation system, the first navigation module receives the second position from the second navigation module and determines the first position based on the second position.

Abstract: A navigation system for navigating a vehicle includes a position module for determining a current position of the vehicle by tracking at least one satellite signal, and an estimation module for identifying, upon an interruption of the tracking the satellite signal, an object blocking the satellite signal. The estimation module is also configured for determining, using a property of the object, a next position of the vehicle at a distance from the current position at which the navigation system reacquires the satellite signal, and the navigation system also includes an acquisition module for determining a phase of the satellite signal at the next position and for initializing, upon reacquiring the satellite signal, the tracking of the satellite signal using the phase.

Abstract: The data are communicated from a transmitter to a receiver in a wireless communications network. Data symbols are modulated using a coded modulation to produce modulated symbols and the modulated symbols are precoded using a precoder matrix to produce precoded symbols. The precoder matrix is formed using a rotation matrix including phase angles for at least some elements of the rotation matrix with values determined according to a parametric function of indices of the elements storing the phase angles. Next, the data packets are formed using the precoded symbols and the data packets are transmitted over the wireless network. Multi-stage parametric phase precoding provides full-diversity and full-rate transmissions by using fast-transformable unitary matrices and deterministic diagonal phase rotation, whose phase angles are pre-determined to minimize the union bound for time-selective and frequency-selective fading channels.

Abstract: A method decodes a block of data received over a communication channel. The method determines an initial estimate of bits in the block using a QR decomposition (QRD-M) method decoding the bits in the block sequentially by reducing an accumulated distance between the initial estimate and the bits of the block. Then, the method determines the block using a likelihood ascent (LAS) method that iteratively updates the bits of the block starting from the initial estimate.

Abstract: A method assigns backhaul links in a cooperative wireless network including a control unit (CU) connected to a set of access points (APs) by a set of backhaul links, and wherein the APs are connected to an end user by wireless channels. A reliability of each backhaul link is determined to produce a set of reliabilities. A distance between each AP and the end user is determined to produce a set of distances. Using the set of reliabilities and the set of distances, probabilities of successful reception of a message transmitted from the CU to the end user via the backhaul links and the wireless channels are determined. Then, the backhaul links are assigned according to the probabilities of successful reception of the message by the end user.

Abstract: Discussed is a liquid crystal display device that includes a substrate having a pixel electrode and a common electrode formed thereon, a first polarizing plate on a bottom surface of the substrate, and having a polarizing axis of a first direction, a nanocapsule liquid crystal layer on the pixel electrode and the common electrode, and including a buffer layer and nanocapsules, each nanocapsules being filled with liquid crystal molecules, being oil-soluble, and being dispersed in the buffer layer, and a second polarizing plate on the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer, and having a polarizing axis of a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A navigation system includes a first navigation module for determining a first position and a second navigation module for determining a second position. The first and the second navigation modules are mechanically connected, such that the first position is dependent on the second position. Also, the first and the second navigation modules are communicatively connected to exchange information including at least one of the first and the second positions. At an instant of time during an operation of the navigation system, the first navigation module receives the second position from the second navigation module and determines the first position based on the second position.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid crystal display (LCD) device and fabricating method thereof. The liquid crystal display device, including a liquid crystal panel, includes: a first substrate, including: a pixel electrode, and a common electrode separated from the pixel electrode, a ratio of a width of the pixel electrode to a distance between the pixel electrode and the common electrode being in a range of about 1:1 to 1:7, and a nanocapsule liquid crystal layer formed on the first substrate, the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer including: a buffer material, and nanocapsules, each filled with liquid crystal molecules.