Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, an electrochemical apparatus, comprising a pair of electrodes each composed of an intercalation host compound (IHC), a separator disposed between the pair of electrodes, and a controller configured to control cycling of the electrochemical apparatus, wherein the pair of electrodes is configured to undergo, during the cycling, reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions in electrolyte solutions that facilitate capturing of carbon dioxide (CO2) and release of captured CO2. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a porous device, comprising a porous material, and a hierarchical network of flow channels defined in the porous material, wherein at least one flow channel in the hierarchical network of flow channels has a shape that at least partially approximates a cube-root profile or a quartic-root profile. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a porous electrode that includes a porous layer, and a pattern of flow channels defined in the porous layer, wherein a first flow channel in the pattern of flow channels has a shape that at least partially approximates a cube-root profile. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Flow battery. The battery includes high energy density fluid electrodes having a selected non-Newtonian rheology and structure for providing intermittent flow pulses of controlled volume and duration of the fluid electrodes, the structure adapted to promote interfacial slip to improve flow uniformity. The battery disclosed herein provides a potential solution to large-scale electrical energy storage needs.