Abstract: A composition for use as a hard surface cleaner, sanitizer and/or disinfectant is disclosed. The composition according to one embodiment comprises an arylsulfonic acid, a source of peroxide, an effective amount of a stabilizer and water. A method is provided of cleaning, disinfecting and/or sanitizing a hard surface, the method comprising providing the composition, providing a surface which requires cleaning and applying the composition onto the surface for a duration of time sufficiently long enough to destroy micro-organisms present on the surface.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a modifying agent comprising a carbonyl-containing nitrogenous base compound; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a heterocyclic compound; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a modifying agent comprising an amine group; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a modifying agent comprising an arylsulfonic acid; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.

Abstract: A modified aqueous acid composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a compound comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety; and a peroxide; wherein sulfuric acid, said compound comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety and said peroxide are present in a molar ratio of no less than 1:1:1. Also disclosed are methods of using such compositions for the decomposition of toxic chemicals such as cyanides.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a heterocyclic compound; an alkanesulfonic acid; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a substituted aromatic compound; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; an alkanesulfonic acid; and a peroxide. Said composition being capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place.

Abstract: An inhibited mud acid composition, said composition comprising: hydrofluoric acid in solution; an alkanolamine; and a mineral acid selected from a group consisting of: HCl; MEA-HCl and other modified acids, wherein said alkanolamine and hydrofluoric acid are present in a molar ratio of at least 1:1.

Abstract: Method of delignification of plant material, said method comprising: providing said plant material comprising cellulose fibres and lignin; exposing said plant material requiring to a composition comprising: an acid; a modifying agent selected from the group consisting of: sulfamic acid; imidazole; taurine; a taurine derivative; a taurine-related compound; alkylsulfonic acid; aryl sulfonic acid; triethanolamine; and combinations thereof; a metal salt; and a peroxide; for a period of time sufficient to remove substantially all (at least 80%) of the lignin present on said plant material.

Abstract: A process to separate lignin from a lignocellulosic feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: providing said lignocellulosic feedstock; providing a composition comprising; an acid; a modifying agent selected from the group consisting of: sulfamic acid; imidazole; imidazole derivatives; taurine; a taurine derivative; a taurine-related compound; alkylsulfonic acid; arylsulfonic acid; triethanolamine; and combinations thereof; a peroxide salt; and a peroxide; exposing said lignocellulosic feedstock to said composition for a period of time sufficient to depolymerize substantially all of the lignin present in said lignocellulosic feedstock into lignin oligomers and lignin monomers; wherein said process is carried out at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Method of delignification of plant material, said method comprising: providing said plant material comprising cellulose fibres and lignin; exposing said plant material requiring to a composition comprising: an acid; a modifiying agent selected from the group consisting of: sulfamic acid; imidazole; N-alkylimidazole; taurine; a taurine derivative; a taurine-related compound; alkylsulfonic acid; arylsulfonic acid; triethanolamine; and combinations thereof; a metal oxide; and a peroxide; for a period of time sufficient to remove substantially all (at least 80%) of the lignin present on said plant material.

Abstract: Method for controlled delignification of lignocellulosic feedstock, said method comprising the steps of: providing a reactive phase of pH less than 1, said reactive phase comprising: water; sulfuric acid; a source of peroxide; a modifying agent, said modifying agent adapted to control the reactivity of the sulfuric acid; providing a holding phase, said holding phase comprising an organic solvent which does not react with the aqueous acidic composition; combining said reactive phase and holding phase to form a reaction mixture; exposing a lignocellulosic material to said reaction mixture for a period of time sufficient to allow delignification of the lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: Method of delignification of plant material, said method comprising: providing said plant material comprising cellulose fibres and lignin; exposing said plant material requiring to a composition comprising: an acid; a modifying agent selected from the group consisting of: sulfamic acid; imidazole; N-alkylimidazole derivative; taurine; a taurine derivative; a taurine-related compound; alkylsulfonic acid; arylsulfonic acid; triethanolamine; and combinations thereof; a metal oxide; and a peroxide; adding an organic solvent to the resulting mixture; allowing a delignification reaction to occur for a period of time sufficient to remove at least 80% of the lignin present on said plant material.

Abstract: Method of delignification of plant material, said method comprising: providing said plant material comprising cellulose fibres and lignin; exposing said plant material requiring to a composition comprising: an acid; a capping agent; and a peroxide; for a period of time sufficient to remove substantially all (at least 80%) of the lignin present on said plant material. Also disclosed are compositions to accomplish such delignification and processes using such.

Abstract: An inhibited mud acid composition, said composition comprising: hydrofluoric acid in solution; an alkanolamine; and a mineral acid selected from a group consisting of: HCl; MEA-HCl and other modified acids, wherein said alkanolamine and hydrofluoric acid are present in a molar ratio of at least 1:1.

Abstract: A process for controlling the heat generated during the manufacture an inhibited hydrofluoric acid aqueous composition comprising: hydrofluoric acid in solution; a weak base; and an alkanolamine; said process comprising the steps of: providing a pre-determined amount of weak base; adding a pre-determined amount of said hydrofluoric acid to said weak base and obtaining a solution; adding said alkanolamine to the resulting solution of hydrofluoric acid and weak base; mixing until all components are dissolved; wherein said alkanolamine and hydrofluoric acid are present in a molar ratio of at least 1:1.

Abstract: A modified aqueous acid composition comprising: nitric acid; sulfuric acid; a compound comprising an amine moiety and a sulfonic acid moiety; and a peroxide. Also disclosed are methods of using such composition.

Abstract: A composition is provided for use as a hard surface cleaner, sanitizer and/or disinfectant. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises an alkanesulfonic acid; a source of peroxide; an effective amount of a stabilizer; and water.