Abstract: A method for analyzing a collection of organic chemical reactions and compounds reported in the literature in the form of a complex network in either a normal, one-mode graph or a bipartite graph is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods, algorithms, computer-readable storage mediums and other applications derived from the analysis of this graph/network theory.

Abstract: Manipulation of flames is described using electric fields. In those instances in which electric fields are used, the electric fields may be time-varying gradient electric fields, and in some instances may be oscillating electric fields. The manipulation may include extinction, suppression, control of mixing of the flame, concentration, and/or bending, among other types.

Abstract: Self-erasing inks in which both the printing and self-erasure of color images can be controlled by the dynamic/non-equilibrium aggregation of photoresponsive surface-coated nanoparticles contained in a carrier film are provided. The aggregation is a reversible aggregation that is triggered by a photo-induced transformation in ligands within the surface coating on the nanoparticles. Methods for forming images using the inks are also provided.

Abstract: Self-erasing inks in which both the printing and self-erasure of color images can be controlled by the dynamic/non-equilibrium aggregation of photoresponsive surface-coated nanoparticles contained in a carrier film are provided. The aggregation is a reversible aggregation that is triggered by a photo-induced transformation in ligands within the surface coating on the nanoparticles. Methods for forming images using the inks are also provided.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a collection of organic chemical reactions and compounds reported in the literature in the form of a complex network in either a normal, one-mode graph or a bipartite graph is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods, algorithms, computer-readable storage mediums and other applications derived from the analysis of this graph/network theory.

Abstract: Solutions containing oppositely-charged nanoparticles (NPs) deposit “patchy” coatings of alternating charge distribution on various types of materials, including polymers, elastomers, and semiconductors. Surface adsorption of the NPs is driven by cooperative electrostatic interactions and does not require chemical ligation or layer-by-layer schemes. The composition and the quality of the coatings can be regulated by the types, charges, and the relative concentrations of the NPs used and by the pH. Dense coatings can be formed on flat, curvilinear, or micropatterned surfaces. The coatings are stable against common chemicals for prolonged periods of time, and can be used in applications ranging from bacterial protection to plasmonics.