Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). A WTRU may determine a first resource associated with first transmission and a second resource associated with second transmission for uplink (UL) NOMA. The WTRU may generate control information including selection information of the second resource. The WTRU may transmit the control information using the UL NOMA on the first resource. The WTRU may then receive one or more indicators indicating whether the second transmission uses OMA or NOMA. The one or more indicators may comprise a discontinue NOMA transmission indicator (DTI) and a NOMA type transmission indicator (NMI). If the DTI indicates the OMA, the WTRU transmit data on the second resource using the OMA. If the DTI indicates the NOMA, the WTRU transmit, based on the NMI, data on the second resource using the UL NOMA.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a base station, information concerning an association between synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block transmissions and physical random access channel (PRACH) resources. In an example, each SS/PBCH block transmission may be associated with a transmission beam of the base station. The WTRU may receive the SS/PBCH block transmissions and select one of the transmissions. Further, the WTRU may compare a reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the selected transmission to a threshold. The WTRU may then determine between performing a random access procedure of a first type and a second type based on the comparison. Also, the WTRU may select a PRACH resource based on the selected transmission and the information concerning the association between the transmissions and the PRACH resources. Moreover, the WTRU may transmit a PRACH preamble, for the determined random access procedure, using the selected PRACH resource.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for performing synchronization in New Radio (NR) systems are disclosed. A frequency band may be determined and may correspond to a WTRU. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a lower frequency, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index may be implicitly. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a higher frequency, an SSB index may be determined based on a hybrid method which includes determining the SSB index using both an implicit and an explicit method. A configuration of actually transmitted SSBs may be determined using a multi-level two stage compressed indication where SSB groups are determined based on a coarse indicator and actually transmitted SSBs with the SSB groups are determined based on a fine indicator.

Abstract: A method of feedback in a wireless transmit receive unit includes providing a precoding matrix index (PMI), error checking the (PMI) to produce an error check (EC) bit, coding the PMI and the EC bit and transmitting the coded PMI and EC bit.

Abstract: Access, collision handling, and resolution for non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) may be used. Fixed or dynamic group demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and multiple-access (MA) signature for NOMA retransmission may be used. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive MAS information or DMRS information from a network entity. A WTRU may receive indication of the MAS information or DMRS information via a subgrouping-based scheme, a bitmap indication, or a binary threshold. A WTRU may receive an indication of a resource group size from the network entity. Based on the resource group size, the WTRU may determine whether the MAS information or the DMRS information is indicated via the subgrouping-based scheme or via the binary threshold scheme. The WTRU, based on how the MAS information or the DMRS information is indicated, may determine a resource to be used for a NOMA transmission. The WTRU may send the NOMA transmission using the determined resource.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for determining a beam modulation mode and/or a carrier modulation mode. A beamformed reference signal may be transmitted to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). A beam measurement report may be received from the WTRU. The beam measurement report may include a beam modulation mode recommendation and/or a carrier modulation mode recommendation. A beam modulation mode and/or a carrier modulation mode may be determined based on a mode recommendation. A beam modulation mode and/or a carrier modulation mode may indicate a manner of transmitting same information on multiple beams.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used for NOMA resource selection. Different types of NOMA resources may be configured by a network and selected by a WTRU based on rules, priorities, fairness, overloading factors, multiple access signature sizes, measurement results, payload sizes, and/or the like. Single-NOMA operations may be performed using DFT-invariant codewords. Multiple NOMA schemes may coexist with different codeword types and/or codeword sizes.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to increased spectrum efficiency for 5G communications, comprising combining time, frequency, spatial, and signal domains for multi-dimension modulation. In one embodiment, the ability of reconfigurable antenna to change their radiation pattern and/or polarization modes may be used to modulate additional information onto the conventional SM-MIMO transmitted signal. In further embodiments, various combinations of space shift keying, block coding, multi-carrier modulation, and the like may be used to introduce additional dimensions for data modulation and achieve diversity gain.

Abstract: Transmit and/or receive beamforming may be applied to the control channel transmission/reception, e.g., in mmW access link system design. Techniques to identify candidate control channel beams and/or their location in the subframe structure may provide for efficient WTRU operation. A framework for beam formed control channel design may support varying capabilities of mBs and/or WTRUs, and/or may support time and/or spatial domain multiplexing of control channel beams. For a multi-beam system, modifications to reference signal design may discover, identify, measure, and/or decode a control channel beam. Techniques may mitigate inter-beam interference. WTRU monitoring may consider beam search space, perhaps in addition to time and/or frequency search space. Enhancements to downlink control channel may support scheduling narrow data beams. Scheduling techniques may achieve high resource utilization, e.g., perhaps when large bandwidths are available and/or WTRUs may be spatially distributed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for transmitting uplink control information and feedback are disclosed for carrier aggregation systems. A user equipment device may be configured to transmit uplink control information and other feedback for several downlink component carriers using one or more uplink component carriers. The user equipment device may be configured to transmit such data using a physical uplink control channel rather than a physical uplink shared channel. The user equipment device may be configured to determine the uplink control information and feedback data that is to be transmitted, the physical uplink control channel resources to be used to transmit the uplink control information and feedback data, and how the uplink control information and feedback data may be transmitted over the physical uplink control channel.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for addressing collisions of possible random access channel (RACH) occasions. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive an indication of semi-static UL/DL information including configuration of RACH occasions in a remaining minimum system information (RMSI) and an indication of one or more actually transmitted synchronization signal (SS) blocks. The WTRU may then assess whether there are RACH occasions based on the configuration information and determine whether any of the RACH occasions are valid, wherein the RACH occasion may be valid based on Based on the RACH occasion is after all actually transmitted SS blocks indicated and/or whether an SS block override is disabled or enabled. The WTRU may transmit a RACH in one or more of the RACH occasions that have been determined to be valid.

Abstract: Channel state information is reported in periodic and aperiodic reports for multiple component carriers or serving cells. Channel state information may be reported for a subset of aggregated downlink carriers or serving cells. For an aperiodic report, the carrier(s)/serving cell(s) for which channel state information is reported are determined based on the request for the aperiodic report. When a CQI/PMI/RI report and a HARQ ACK/NACK report coincide in a subframe, the HARQ ACK/NACK report is transmitted on PUCCH, and the CQI/PMI/RI report is transmitted on PUSCH.

Abstract: Methods and systems for transmitting uplink control information and feedback are disclosed for carrier aggregation systems. A user equipment device may be configured to transmit uplink control information and other feedback for several downlink component carriers using one or more uplink component carriers. The user equipment device may be configured to transmit such data using a physical uplink control channel rather than a physical uplink shared channel. The user equipment device may be configured to determine the uplink control information and feedback data that is to be transmitted, the physical uplink control channel resources to be used to transmit the uplink control information and feedback data, and how the uplink control information and feedback data may be transmitted over the physical uplink control channel.

Abstract: A method for reporting power headroom is disclosed. Power headroom may be reported across all carriers (wideband), for a specific carrier, or for a carrier group. The formula used to calculate the power headroom depends on whether the carrier (or a carrier in the carrier group) has a valid uplink grant. If the carrier or carrier group does not have a valid uplink grant, the power headroom may be calculated based on a reference grant. The power headroom is calculated by a wireless transmit/receive unit and is reported to an eNodeB.

Abstract: Methods of mapping, indicating, encoding and transmitting uplink (UL) grants and downlink (DL) assignments for wireless communications for carrier aggregation are disclosed. Methods to encode and transmit DL assignments and UL grants and map and indicate the DL assignments to DL component carriers and UL grants to UL component carriers are described. Methods include specifying the mapping rules for DL component carriers that transmit DL assignment and DL component carriers that receive physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and mapping rules for DL component carriers that transmit UL grants and UL component carriers that transit physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) when using separate coding/separate transmission schemes.

Abstract: Multiple Access (MA) signature (MAS) features may be provided, for example, MAS pool definition and/or configuration may be provided. MAS indicator transmission may be provided. For example, independent indication through demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission and/or scheduling request (SR)-based transmission may be provided. Reliable MA detection may be provided. For example, multiple zone transmission and/or diversity may be provided. Non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) transmission without MAS indication may be provided. Physical uplink control channel (PUCCFI)-based NOMA indication may be provided. NOMA layer indicator (NLI) based NOMA indication may be provided.

Abstract: Systems, procedures, and instrumentalities are disclosed providing mixed data services such as mixed URLLC and eMBB services. In one example implementation, hierarchical modulation is dynamically configured and/or applied to provide the mixed services. The dynamic configuration and application of hierarchical modulation may be based on the respective priorities of the services and a condition of the concerned wireless network. The provision of the mixed services may utilize polar coding techniques. Control information may be mixed with data associated with the services.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for compressing hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) feedback bits performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receiving a transmit block (TB) including code block group (CBG) data are provided. The method includes receiving, by the WTRU, information associated with transmitting compressed HARQ-ACK feedback information, receiving, by the WTRU, a TB; determining, by the WTRU, a countdown downlink assignment index (CD_DAI) associated with the received TB; generating, by the WTRU, the compressed HARQ-ACK feedback information by compressing HARQ-ACK feedback bits associated with the received TB; and on condition that: (1) the CD_DAI is equal to zero or (2) the WTRU determines to provide feedback information, transmitting the compressed HARQ-ACK feedback information.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may perform listen before talk (LBT) on a channel prior to uplink transmission on the channel. The WTRU may adjust an amount of time that the WTRU performs LBT. For example, WTRU may receive a set of transmission opportunities. The WTRU may receive a contention window size (CWS) sequence including a CWS for each transmission opportunity. The CWS sequence may be unique and may be based on the identity of the WTRU. For a given transmission opportunity, the WTRU may select a random number between zero and the CWS for that transmission opportunity. If the channel is clear for at least an amount of time associated with the random number, the WTRU may transmit in the transmission opportunity. If the channel is not clear for at least an amount of time associated with the random number, the WTRU may not transmit in the transmission opportunity.

Abstract: A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beam in the beam group.