Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for interleaving coded bits. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may generate a plurality of polar encoded bits using polar encoding. The WTRU may divide the plurality of polar encoded bits into sub-blocks of equal size in a sequential manner. The WTRU may apply sub-block wise interleaving to the sub-blocks using an interleaver pattern. The sub-blocks associated with a subset of the sub-blocks may be interleaved, and sub-blocks associated with another subset of the sub-blocks may not be interleaved. The sub-block wise interleaving may include applying interleaving across the sub-blocks without interleaving bits associated with each of the sub-blocks. The WTRU may concatenate bits from each of the interleaved sub-blocks to generate interleaved bits, and store the interleaved bits associated with the interleaved sub-blocks in a circular buffer. The WTRU may select a plurality of bits for transmission from the interleaved bits.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities may be provided for an infrastructure node to transmit and a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) or a group of WTRUs to receive a first downlink control information (DCI) a second DCI. The first DCI may carry time critical DCI, whereas the second DCI may carry non-time critical DCI. Each of the first DCI and the second DCI may be polar encoded. The second DCI may be polar encoded may be received with an embedded first DCI as part of frozen bits. The second DCI may be mapped to a plurality of bit channels having higher reliability than the plurality of bit channels to which the embedded first DCI is mapped. The WTRU may discard the decoded first DCI, if decoding of the DCI using the embedded first DCI is not successful.

Abstract: A method of feedback in a wireless transmit receive unit includes providing a precoding matrix index (PMI), error checking the (PMI) to produce an error check (EC) bit, coding the PMI and the EC bit and transmitting the coded PMI and EC bit.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for performing synchronization in New Radio (NR) systems are disclosed. A frequency band may be determined and may correspond to a WTRU. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a lower frequency, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index may be implicitly. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a higher frequency, an SSB index may be determined based on a hybrid method which includes determining the SSB index using both an implicit and an explicit method. A configuration of actually transmitted SSBs may be determined using a multi-level two stage compressed indication where SSB groups are determined based on a coarse indicator and actually transmitted SSBs with the SSB groups are determined based on a fine indicator.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a time domain resource allocation (TDRA) list configuration including entries, each including a resource allocation that includes a slot offset value. L1 signaling is received indicating a minimum slot offset value. Downlink control information (DCI) is decoded on a physical downlink control channel in a slot. An index is obtained from the decoded DCI, identifying an entry in the TDRA list. A particular slot offset value identified by the index is retrieved from the TDRA list and compared with the minimum slot offset value. If the particular slot offset value is less than the minimum slot offset value, the entry is invalid. If the particular slot offset value is greater than or equal to the minimum slot offset value, a physical downlink shared channel is received.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for beam management are disclosed. A WTRU may include a plurality of antenna panels, each antenna panel comprising a plurality of antennas configured to transmit on directional transmit (TX) beams. The WTRU may send, to a transmission reception point (TRP), antenna panel capability information for the plurality of antenna panels and receive a reference signal (RS) configuration for configuring RS resource sets. The WTRU may send an RS transmission trigger frame identifying triggered RS resource sets from the configured RS resource sets. The WTRU may identify a set of antenna panels to be used with the triggered RS resource sets. The WTRU may determine an UL TX beam sweeping mode and an association between the triggered RS resources sets and the set of antenna panels. The WTRU may perform UL beam sweeping using the triggered RS resource sets and associated set of antenna panels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for synchronization in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) network is disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to receive a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal from a cell. The primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal are spaced by a known number of OFDM symbols. The primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal are received in a same number of subcarriers in their respective OFDM symbol. A location of at least the secondary synchronization signal in the system bandwidth is variable.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive sounding reference signal (SRS) resource configuration information. The WTRU may also receive beam indication (ID) information and panel ID information in downlink control information (DCI) and determine a WTRU panel based on the panel ID information or the SRS resource configuration information. The WTRU may also determine uplink (UL) beam sweeping for each determined WTRU panel based on the beam ID using one or more sweeping parameters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing autonomous transmission for performing collision mitigation and complexity reduction for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmissions are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a configuration with multiple SRs and associated preamble subsets, randomly select a preamble subset and select a SR configuration according to the randomly selected preamble subset based on the received configuration. The WTRU may transmit an SR associated with the selected preamble subset. Next the WTRU may select a preamble from the selected preamble subset, and transmit the selected preamble with a data transmission. Each SR associated with preamble subsets may be distinguished by time and frequency resources, sequence index value, or PUCCH index value.

Abstract: A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beamin the beam group.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for error check-based synchronization. Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) data may be determined. A scrambling (e.g., a first scrambling) of the PBCH data may be scrambled via a sequence (e.g., a first sequence). The first sequence may be based on a cell ID and/or timing information. Error check bits may be attached to the scrambled PBCH data and to the timing information. The error check bits may include one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits. The scrambled PBCH data, the timing information (e.g., the unscrambled timing information), and/or the attached error check bits may be polar encoded. The polar encoding may result in polar encoded bits. A scrambling (e.g., a second scrambling) of the polar encoded bits may be scrambled via a sequence (e.g., a second sequence). The first sequence and the second sequence may be different. The polar encoded bits may be transmitted.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission and perform early termination on the PDCCH transmission. Transmissions that are not intended for the WTRU may be terminated. The WTRU may perform a first decode of the PDCCH transmission based on a first scrambling sequence. The first scrambling sequence may be generated using a Gold sequence, which may be initialized based on a WTRU identifier. If the first decode is not successful, the WTRU may determine that the PDCCH transmission is not intended for the WTRU. The WTRU may perform an assistance bit added (ABA) polar decode of the PDCCH transmission based on a second scrambling sequence (e.g., a cell radio network temporary ID (C-RNTI)). The WTRU may perform a CRC on the output of the ABA polar decode to obtain downlink control information (DCI).

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). A WTRU may determine a first resource associated with first transmission and a second resource associated with second transmission for uplink (UL) NOMA. The WTRU may generate control information including selection information of the second resource. The WTRU may transmit the control information using the UL NOMA on the first resource. The WTRU may then receive one or more indicators indicating whether the second transmission uses OMA or NOMA. The one or more indicators may comprise a discontinue NOMA transmission indicator (DTI) and a NOMA type transmission indicator (NMI). If the DTI indicates the OMA, the WTRU transmit data on the second resource using the OMA. If the DTI indicates the NOMA, the WTRU transmit, based on the NMI, data on the second resource using the UL NOMA.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a base station, information concerning an association between synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block transmissions and physical random access channel (PRACH) resources. In an example, each SS/PBCH block transmission may be associated with a transmission beam of the base station. The WTRU may receive the SS/PBCH block transmissions and select one of the transmissions. Further, the WTRU may compare a reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the selected transmission to a threshold. The WTRU may then determine between performing a random access procedure of a first type and a second type based on the comparison. Also, the WTRU may select a PRACH resource based on the selected transmission and the information concerning the association between the transmissions and the PRACH resources. Moreover, the WTRU may transmit a PRACH preamble, for the determined random access procedure, using the selected PRACH resource.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for performing synchronization in New Radio (NR) systems are disclosed. A frequency band may be determined and may correspond to a WTRU. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a lower frequency, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index may be implicitly. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a higher frequency, an SSB index may be determined based on a hybrid method which includes determining the SSB index using both an implicit and an explicit method. A configuration of actually transmitted SSBs may be determined using a multi-level two stage compressed indication where SSB groups are determined based on a coarse indicator and actually transmitted SSBs with the SSB groups are determined based on a fine indicator.

Abstract: A method of feedback in a wireless transmit receive unit includes providing a precoding matrix index (PMI), error checking the (PMI) to produce an error check (EC) bit, coding the PMI and the EC bit and transmitting the coded PMI and EC bit.

Abstract: Access, collision handling, and resolution for non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) may be used. Fixed or dynamic group demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and multiple-access (MA) signature for NOMA retransmission may be used. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive MAS information or DMRS information from a network entity. A WTRU may receive indication of the MAS information or DMRS information via a subgrouping-based scheme, a bitmap indication, or a binary threshold. A WTRU may receive an indication of a resource group size from the network entity. Based on the resource group size, the WTRU may determine whether the MAS information or the DMRS information is indicated via the subgrouping-based scheme or via the binary threshold scheme. The WTRU, based on how the MAS information or the DMRS information is indicated, may determine a resource to be used for a NOMA transmission. The WTRU may send the NOMA transmission using the determined resource.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for determining a beam modulation mode and/or a carrier modulation mode. A beamformed reference signal may be transmitted to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). A beam measurement report may be received from the WTRU. The beam measurement report may include a beam modulation mode recommendation and/or a carrier modulation mode recommendation. A beam modulation mode and/or a carrier modulation mode may be determined based on a mode recommendation. A beam modulation mode and/or a carrier modulation mode may indicate a manner of transmitting same information on multiple beams.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used for NOMA resource selection. Different types of NOMA resources may be configured by a network and selected by a WTRU based on rules, priorities, fairness, overloading factors, multiple access signature sizes, measurement results, payload sizes, and/or the like. Single-NOMA operations may be performed using DFT-invariant codewords. Multiple NOMA schemes may coexist with different codeword types and/or codeword sizes.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to increased spectrum efficiency for 5G communications, comprising combining time, frequency, spatial, and signal domains for multi-dimension modulation. In one embodiment, the ability of reconfigurable antenna to change their radiation pattern and/or polarization modes may be used to modulate additional information onto the conventional SM-MIMO transmitted signal. In further embodiments, various combinations of space shift keying, block coding, multi-carrier modulation, and the like may be used to introduce additional dimensions for data modulation and achieve diversity gain.