Abstract: A trivalent transgene that encodes a viral surface glycoprotein component, a viral nucleoprotein component and a viral RNA polymerase component is provided. Vaccines incorporating the trivalent transgene are also provided, along with methods of vaccinating mammals to protect against viral infection.

Abstract: A combination prime:boost therapy is described herein. The combination therapy is for use in inducing an immune response in a mammal. The combination includes: an adenovirus that is capable of expressing an antigenic protein, and that is formulated to generate an immunity to the protein in the mammal; and a Maraba MG1 virus that is capable of expressing an antigenic protein, and that is formulated to induce the immune response in the mammal. The antigenic proteins are both based on the same tumour associated antigen, but need not be identical. An adenovirus, methods of treatment, and uses are also described.