Abstract: A spectrum analyzer for measuring an electrical response of a device under test (DUT) includes a test port for receiving radio frequency (RF) signals from the DUT in response to a test signal transmitted to the DUT, a local oscillator (LO) for generating a LO signal, a sampler connected with the LO to receive the LO signal and a receiver connected with the sampler. The sampler includes a non-linear transmission line that generates a sampler signal having a frequency that is a multiple of a frequency of the LO signal, and an input for receiving a RF signal from the test port. When a RF signal from an RF input source is received the sampler outputs an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The receiver receives the IF signal output of the sampler.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing a reference oscillator frequency of a first network analyzer with a reference oscillator frequency of a second network analyzer through a device under test (DUT) includes measuring a drift in a transmitted signal measured at the second network analyzer. The method includes connecting the first network analyzer to a first end of the DUT and connecting the second network analyzer to a second end of the DUT. A local oscillator (LO) signal of the first network analyzer is locked to a reference frequency of the first network analyzer. A LO signal of the second network analyzer is locked to a reference frequency of the second network analyzer. A RF signal is transmitted from the first network analyzer to the second network analyzer and an intermediate frequency (IF) of the transmitted signal is generated using the LO signal of the second network analyzer. The second network analyzer measures the transmitted IF signal.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an antenna configured to transmit millimeter waves, a connector adapted to connect a radio frequency (RF) signal source with the imaging device and a signal path connected between the connector and the antenna. A nonlinear transmission line (NLTL)-based frequency multiplier is arranged along the signal path to receive an RF signal from the RF signal source and increase a frequency of the RF signal to millimeter frequency to produce a millimeter wave. A NLTL-based variable delay line is arranged along the signal path between the NLTL-based frequency multiplier and the antenna. A time delay of an NLTL of the NLTL-base variable delay line is variable to steer a beam of the millimeter wave in at least one dimension as the millimeter wave is transmitted by the antenna. A receiver processes a return signal received in response to the millimeter wave.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an antenna configured to transmit millimeter waves, a connector adapted to connect a radio frequency (RF) signal source with the imaging device and a signal path connected between the connector and the antenna. A nonlinear transmission line (NLTL)-based frequency multiplier is arranged along the signal path to receive an RF signal from the RF signal source and increase a frequency of the RF signal to millimeter frequency to produce a millimeter wave. A NLTL-based variable delay line is arranged along the signal path between the NLTL-based frequency multiplier and the antenna. A time delay of an NLTL of the NLTL-base variable delay line is variable to steer a beam of the millimeter wave in at least one dimension as the millimeter wave is transmitted by the antenna. A receiver processes a return signal received in response to the millimeter wave.

Abstract: A sampling system is disclosed which measures high speed data signals by performing sampling events at intervals determined by a programmable DDS output frequency and a programmable counter. The reference frequency of the DDS is that of a clock signal that is synchronous with the data signal to be measured. The present invention is able to arrange the sample points to form an eye diagram of the input signal. In addition, the present invention is capable of sampling synchronously with the data clock and controlling the phase of the synthesized signal such that the samples are localized around the rising and falling edges of the data waveform. The present invention is thereby able to determine the location of the edges of the data signal and analyze the deterministic jitter of the waveform.

Abstract: Systems in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can include an adapter having a sliding portion (a slider) slidable to expose an interface, thereby allowing mating—for example, between a test port and a DUT—to be observed and adjusted as required. The slider is removable, allowing an adapter sex change. In one embodiment, an insertion tool is provided which can hold a dual male pin and allow installation and removal of the dual male pin while assisting mating alignment. After calibration, the slider can be locked in place and the adapter can function as a standard coaxial connector.

Abstract: A sampling system is disclosed which measures high speed data signals by performing sampling events at intervals determined by a programmable DDS output frequency and a programmable counter. The reference frequency of the DDS is that of a clock signal that is synchronous with the data signal to be measured. The present invention is able to arrange the sample points to form an eye diagram of the input signal. In addition, the present invention is capable of sampling synchronously with the data clock and controlling the phase of the synthesized signal such that the samples are localized around the rising and falling edges of the data waveform. The present invention is thereby able to determine the location of the edges of the data signal and analyze the deterministic jitter of the waveform.

Abstract: Systems in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can include an adapter having a sliding portion (a slider) slidable to expose an interface, thereby allowing mating—for example, between a test port and a DUT—to be observed and adjusted as required. The slider is removable, allowing an adapter sex change. In one embodiment, an insertion tool is provided which can hold a dual male pin and allow installation and removal of the dual male pin while assisting mating alignment. After calibration, the slider can be locked in place and the adapter can function as a standard coaxial connector.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrically converting a NRZ signal into a RZ signal. A NRZ signal is summed with a phase-aligned clock signal. The resultant summed signal is then passed through a biased PHEMT transistor which has highly non-linear characteristics. The transistor is biased such that portions of the summed signal below a predetermined level are clipped resulting in an inverted RZ format signal equivalent to the received NRZ signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrically converting a NRZ signal into a RZ signal. A NRZ signal is summed with a phase-aligned clock signal. The resultant summed signal is then passed through a biased PHEMT transistor which has highly non-linear characteristics. The transistor is biased such that portions of the summed signal below a predetermined level are clipped resulting in an inverted RZ format signal equivalent to the received NRZ signal.